农机社会化服务对劳均经营规模的影响研究

THE IMPACT OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY SOCIALIZED SERVICES ON THE SIZE OF THE AVERAGE LABOR OPERATION

关键词:  农机社会化服务  劳均经营规模  农户分化  联立方程

Key words:  agricultural machinery socialized service  labor average scale of operation  farm household differentiation  joint equation

摘要:

目的 在中国积极推动土地适度规模经营，发展农机社会化服务是必然选择。同时农机社会化服务也是扩大劳均经营规模的基本保障。方法 文章基于2019年对中国13个省份玉米种植户的调查数据，采用OLS模型和三阶段最小二乘法，充分考察农户农机社会化服务采纳和劳均经营规模之间同时决策的内生性及其结果，然后检验不同兼业情况、地形条件下农机社会化服务对劳均经营规模的影响。结果 通过实证研究检验农户采纳农机社会化服务对劳均经营规模存在显著性促进作用，而劳均经营规模对农机社会化服务亦具有显著正向影响，说明农机社会化服务与劳均经营规模两种决策间存在双向反馈效应。相较于兼业农户，纯农业户群体采纳农机社会化服务对扩大劳均经营规模的作用更为明显；且农机社会化服务在平地的农户中才会显著扩大劳均经营规模。结论 研究结果有助于剖析农机社会化服务和劳均经营规模的关系，为发展农机社会化服务体系和扩大劳均经营规模提供启示。

Abstract:

To actively promote land management on an appropriate scale in China, the development of agricultural machinery socialization services is an inevitable choice. At the same time, agricultural machinery socialization service is also the basic guarantee for land management scale. Based on the survey data of maize farmers in 13 provinces in China in 2019, the OLS model and the three-stage least squares method were used to fully examine the endogeneity of simultaneous decision-making between farmers' agricultural machinery socialized service adoption and labor-averaged operation scale and its results, and then test the impact of agricultural machinery socialized service on labor-averaged operation scale under different part-time situations and terrain conditions. The empirical study tested that farmers' adoption of agricultural machinery socialization service had a significant promoting effect on the scale of farm machinery operation, and the scale of farm machinery operation also had a significant positive impact on the scale of farm machinery socialization service, indicating that there was a two-way feedback effect between the two kinds of decisions. Compared with part-time farmers, the social service of agricultural machinery adopted by pure agricultural households had a more obvious effect on expanding the scale of average labor management. In addition, the social service of agricultural machinery significantly expanded the scale of labor management in the flat farmers. The results of the study are helpful for analyzing the relationship between agricultural machinery socialization services and the average scale of operation, and provide insights for the development of agricultural machinery socialization service system and the expansion of the average scale of operation.