| 摘要: |
| 目的 分析自然灾害对我国农户生计多样化决策的影响。方法 文章使用2012—2021年西部3省4轮微观农户调查数据，采用双向固定效应模型，对自然灾害对农户生计多样性的影响及其机理进行了实证考察。结果 （1）受灾农户的生计多样化HHI指数显著降低。灾害的发生导致农户倾向于采取生计多样化策略以适应不确定性，特别是对于存在财务紧约束的负债农户而言，这一影响更为明显。（2）随着保险费用的上升，自然灾害对农户生计多样性的影响持续下降。这表明增加保险供给降低了农户的生计多样化意愿。保险与多样化生计策略存在替代关系。（3）增加非农生产经营，而非种植结构调整是农户生计多样化策略的主要实现形式。结论 政府应该通过拓宽农户收入渠道、优化保险市场、完善技术培训等方式，实现农户在不同生产部门、就业形势、经营策略的自主选择，打破农户在不同部门间流动的制度性壁垒，以实现农村劳动力资源的合理配置。 |
| 关键词: 自然灾害 生计多样化 风险管理 韧性 受灾农户 |
| DOI：10.7621/cjarrp.1005-9121.20241004 |
| 分类号:X43;F323.8 |
| 基金项目:国家重点研发计划“政府间国际科技创新合作”项目“中国与欧盟基于自然解决方案的农业养分管理和可持续转型”（2023YFE0105000）；国家自然科学基金青年项目“自然灾害冲击下我国西部脱贫农户韧性治理研究”（72403234） |
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| THE IMPACT OF NATURAL DISASTER ON LIVELIHOOD DIVERSIFICATION STRATEGIES OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS IN CHINA |
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Chen Yuquan1, Han Xiao2, Nie Fengying3
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1.College of Economics and Management, China Agricultural University, Beijing100083, China;2.Institute of Agricultural Economics and Development, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China;3.Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing100081, China
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| Abstract: |
| Natural disasters are critical factors that affect the stability of rural households' livelihoods. This study adopted a two-way fixed-effects model to empirically investigate the impact of natural disasters on the diversification of rural households' livelihoods based on the four rounds of survey data from 2012 to 2021 in the western provinces of China. The research findings were indicated as follows. (1) Natural disasters led to a significant decrease in the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) of livelihood diversification among affected households. The occurrence of disasters prompted households to adopt livelihood diversification strategies to cope with uncertainty, particularly for heavily indebted households facing financial constraints. (2) As insurance costs increased, the impact of natural disasters on livelihood diversification diminished. This suggested that enhancing insurance coverage helped reduce households' inclination toward livelihood diversification, thereby promoting specialization and improving production efficiency. (3) Non-farm production and operation constituted the primary form of livelihood diversification for rural households. Therefore, he government should expand income channels for rural households, optimize the insurance market, and improve technical training to enable autonomous choices among different production sectors, employment forms, and business strategies. It is crucial to break down institutional barriers that hinder the mobility of rural households as labor factors across different sectors, thus facilitating the rational allocation of rural labor resources. |
| Key words: natural disaster livelihood diversification risk management resilience disaster-affected farmers |
