陕西省耕地多功能空间分布格局与集聚特征研究

MULTIFUNCTIONAL SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION PATTERN AND AGGLOMERATION CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTIVATED LAND IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  耕地多功能  时空分异  集聚特征  协同/权衡关系  陕西省

Key words:  multifunctional cultivated land  spatiotemporal differentiation  agglomeration characteristics  synergy/trade-off relationship  Shaanxi province

摘要:

目的 用统计学方法定量分析陕西省耕地多功能的时空分异格局、变化趋势及其功能相互转换关系，为耕地的多元化管护提供参考。方法 文章构建陕西省耕地多功能评价指标体系，以县域为研究单元，采用熵权法、综合指数评价法、Spearman 秩相关系数法、空间自相关分析法，综合探析陕西省耕地多功能时空分异格局和集聚特征，划定耕地功能协调/权衡分区。结果 （1）2010—2022年陕西省耕地生产功能所占比例最大，其次是社会保障功能，生态功能最低；从变化趋势来看，陕北和陕南生产功能逐年提升，陕南社会保障功能提升明显，各功能区域间差异均逐年减小，整体呈现均衡发展态势。（2）陕西省县域耕地功能区域差异明显。其中，生产功能中、高水平主要分布于关中渭河平原和陕南的低山平坝区，低、较低水平多分布于陕北黄土高原和陕南秦岭两麓；社会保障功能中、高水平区县零星分布于渭北黄土塬区、关中平原及陕北黄土高原区；生态功能中、高水平县域主要分布于陕南低山平坝区。（3）2010—2022年陕西省耕地生产功能与社会保障功能表现为协同关系；生产与生态功能，2016年以期表现为协同关系，2016年以后为权衡关系；社会保障功能与生态功能基本为权衡关系。（4）陕西省耕地功能协同区主要分布于关中平原、渭北黄土塬、陕南低山区，其次是商洛山地丘陵和陕北长城沿线风沙区；权衡区主要分布于陕南秦岭两麓、少部分分布于陕北黄土高原区和风沙区。结论 陕西省关中渭河平原区、渭北黄土塬区、陕南低山平坝区耕地多功能整体呈现向健康有序的方向发展，而陕南秦岭两麓、部分陕北黄土高原区和风沙区耕地多功能协同性差。未来需在全面分析不同区域资源状况，各功能变化趋势和协同/权衡关系的基础上，挖掘区域资源优势，因地制宜采取多元化的耕地保护和利用政策。

Abstract:

To quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation pattern, change trend, and functional transformation relationship of multifunctional farmland in Shaanxi province by using statistical methods, and provide a reference for the diversified management and protection of farmland. A multifunctional evaluation index system for cultivated land in Shaanxi province was constructed, with counties as research units. And the entropy weight method, comprehensive index evaluation method, Spearman rank correlation coefficient method, and spatial autocorrelation analysis method was used to comprehensively analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation pattern and agglomeration characteristics of cultivated land multifunctionality in Shaanxi province, and delineate the coordinated/balanced zoning of cultivated land functions. The results were listed as follows. (1) From 2010 to 2022, the proportion of farmland production function in Shaanxi province was the highest, followed by social security function, and ecological function was the lowest; From the trend of change, the production functions of northern and southern Shaanxi had been improved year by year, and the social security functions of southern Shaanxi had been significantly improved. The differences between different functional regions had been decreased year by year, and the overall development trend was showing a balanced development. (2) There were significant differences in the functional areas of cultivated land among counties in Shaanxi province. Among them, the medium and high levels of production functions were mainly distributed in the Guanzhong Weihe Plain and the low mountain flat areas in southern Shaanxi, while the low and lower levels were mostly distributed in the Loess Plateau in northern Shaanxi and the foothills of the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi; The social security functions of medium and high-level counties were scattered in the Weibei Loess Plateau, Guanzhong Plain, and Shaanbei Loess Plateau areas; The counties with medium to high-level ecological functions were mainly distributed in the low mountain and flat areas of southern Shaanxi. (3) From 2010 to 2022, the production function and social security function of cultivated land in Shaanxi province showed a synergistic relationship; Production and ecological functions, were expected to show a synergistic relationship in 2016, and a balancing relationship after 2016; The social security function and ecological function were balanced. (4) The functional synergy zone of cultivated land in Shaanxi province was mainly distributed in the Guanzhong Plain, Weibei Loess Plateau, and low mountainous areas in southern Shaanxi, followed by the Shangluo Mountains and hills and the sandstorm areas along the Great Wall in northern Shaanxi; The balance zone was mainly distributed in the two foothills of the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi, and a small part was distributed in the Loess Plateau and sandstorm areas in northern Shaanxi. In summary, the multifunctional development of cultivated land in the Guanzhong Weihe Plain, Weibei Loess Plateau, and Shannan Low Mountain Pingba areas in Shaanxi province is generally showing a healthy and orderly direction, while the multifunctional synergy of cultivated land in the two foothills of the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi, some loess plateau areas in northern Shaanxi, and sandy areas is poor. In the future, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the resource status of different regions, trends in functional changes, and synergies/trade-offs, and explore the advantages of regional resources. Additionally, diversified policies for farmland protection and utilization should be adopted according to local conditions.