外来入侵物种现状与防控体制建设——全球视野和中国例证

SITUATION AND PREVENTION AND CONTROL SYSTEM CONSTRUCTION OF INVASIVE ALIEN SPECIES——GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE AND CHINA EXAMPLE

关键词:  外来入侵物种  防控管理  国际经验  公众参与  对策建议

Key words:  invasive alien species  prevention and control management  international experience  public participation  countermeasures and suggestions

摘要:

目的 外来入侵物种已对我国和世界生态安全、生物多样性、农业生产产生了严重威胁，加强外来入侵物种防控有助于保障国家粮食安全和生物多样性保护。方法 文章通过文献分析，在梳理全球和我国外来入侵物种现状及我国现有防控工作成效的基础上，探讨了我国外来入侵物种防控工作中存在的问题，并提出相应对策建议。结果 我国受外来入侵物种危害程度较重。近年来我国外来入侵物种防控管理工作取得了明显成效，已初步建立了全链条的监管防控体系，但在法律制度建设、行政管理体制、风险评估与监测、公众参与以及国际合作机制建设等方面仍存在诸多不足。结论 结合国际经验做法，建议下一步要加快完善外来入侵物种防控制度框架、重塑“评估—管理”运行架构、强化科技支撑、鼓励社会参与、强化国际交流与合作，进一步提升我国外来入侵物种防控水平。

Abstract:

Invasive alien species poses a serious threat to China and the world's ecological security, biodiversity, and agricultural production. Strengthening the prevention and control of invasive alien species can help ensure national food security and biodiversity protection. Through literature analysis, based on the current situation of invasive alien species worldwide and in China, as well as the effectiveness of existing prevention and control work in China, this paper explored the problems in the prevention and control of invasive alien species in China and proposed corresponding countermeasures and suggestions. Research found that China was heavily affected by invasive alien species, and common invasive species include Canadian goldenrod, crocodile eel, grassland armyworm, etc. In recent years, China had achieved significant results in the prevention and control of alien invasive species, and had initially established a comprehensive regulatory and prevention system. However, there were still many shortcomings in many aspects, such as unsound institutional provisions in the legal systems, unreasonable operational mechanisms in administrative system, insufficient monitoring and identification capabilities in prevention and control technology, insufficiency of the breadth and depth in public participation, imperfection mechanisms and agreements in international cooperation. Based on international practices and experience, it is recommended to accelerate the enhancement of the framework for the management and control of invasive alien species, reshape the operational structure of "evaluation-management", strengthen technological support, encourage public participation, strengthen international exchanges and cooperation, in order to further enhance the level of prevention and control of the invasion of alien species in China.