中国生猪产业链垂直整合发展特征、驱动机理及建议

DEVELOPMENT CHARACTERISTICS, DRIVING MECHANISM AND SUGGESTIONS OF VERTICAL INTEGRATION OF PIG INDUSTRY CHAIN IN CHINA

关键词:  生猪产业链  垂直整合  发展特征  驱动机理  投入产出表法

Key words:  pig industry chain  vertical integration  development characteristics  driving mechanism  input-output table method

摘要:

目的 评估我国生猪产业链垂直整合程度和全产业协同发展特征，分析其驱动机理，找出存在的问题并提出对策建议，对促进生猪全产业链健康发展、实现产业高质量发展具有重要意义。方法 文章基于中观视角，利用投入产出表法，测算2015—2022年我国生猪产业链不同环节垂直整合程度及方向，分析产业链垂直协同的驱动机理。结果 总体来看，我国生猪行业垂直整合程度总体震荡提升，前向整合速度快于后向整合速度，2021年产业链开始由后向整合转向前向整合。从垂直整合度来看，屠宰及肉类加工环节最高，但生猪养殖端垂直整合发展速度远高于其他环节。外部冲击、市场风险、市场红利和政策红利等影响了产业链垂直整合进程、方向和整合度。结论 目前我国生猪产业链垂直整合主体是饲料和养殖企业，仍处于中期发展阶段，企业盲目扩张、合作模式不稳定和消费市场规模有限是限制其发展的重要因素。因此提升全产业链协同发展质量，需要加强政府政策引导，鼓励积极创新垂直整合模式，提升企业垂直整合质量和效益。

Abstract:

This research aims to evaluate the vertical integration degree of China's pig industry chain and the characteristics of industry-wide collaborative development, analyze its driving mechanism, find out the existing problems and put forward countermeasures and suggestions, which is of great significance to promote the healthy development of the whole pig industry chain and realize the high-quality development of the industry. Based on the meso-perspective, the input-output table method was used to measure the degree and direction of vertical integration of different links of China's pig industry chain from 2015 to 2022, and analyze the driving mechanism of vertical synergy of the industry chain. On the whole, the vertical integration degree of China's pig industry was generally oscillating, and the forward integration speed was faster than the backward integration speed, and the industrial chain began to turn from backward integration to forward integration in 2021. From the perspective of vertical integration, the slaughtering and meat processing links were the highest, but the vertical integration development speed of pig breeding was much higher than other links. External shocks, market risks, market dividends and policy dividends affected the process, direction and degree of vertical integration of the industrial chain. At present, the main body of vertical integration of China's pig industry chain is feed and breeding enterprises, which is still in the medium-term development stage, and the blind expansion of enterprises, unstable cooperation mode and limited consumer market scale are important factors limiting its development. Therefore, to improve the quality of coordinated development of the whole industrial chain, it is necessary to strengthen government policy guidance, encourage active innovation of vertical integration models, and improve the quality and efficiency of vertical integration of enterprises.