激活乡村“三资”要素带动新型村级集体经济发展的路径与机制研究——基于3个省（区）20个县（区）40个行政村的实证调研

RESEARCH ON THE PATH AND MECHANISM OF ACTIVATING THE RURAL "THREE CAPITAL" ELEMENTS TO DRIVE THE DEVELOPMENT OF NEW-TYPE VILLAGE-LEVEL COLLECTIVE ECONOMY——BASED ON EMPIRICAL RESEARCH OF 40 ADMINISTRATIVE VILLAGES OF THE 20 COUNTIES (DISTRICTS) OF THE THREE PROVINCES (REGIONS)

关键词:  乡村“三资”要素  新型  村级集体经济  路径  机制

Key words:  rural "three capital" elements  new-type  village-level collective economy  path  mechanism

摘要:

目的 发展壮大新型村级集体经济是实现乡村全面振兴的物质基础，也是缩小城乡差别，实现共同富裕的重要路径。乡村“三资”要素是发展壮大村级集体经济的必要物质基础，当前存在“三资”要素体量大，激活不够，机制不活等困境。辨析乡村“三资”要素激活的理论逻辑，梳理实现路径，对促进村集体经济发展，助力乡村振兴，实现共同富裕有重要借鉴意义。方法 文章运用理论分析法、案例分析法及实证研究法相结合，选取浙江省、山东省和宁夏回族自治区3个省（区）及其20个县（区）及其40个行政村为研究对象，从组织管理方式、经营管理方式、相关治理机制及效应实现形式等多维度进行了较系统研究。结果 研究结果表明，激活乡村土地资源的土地股份合作社路径、激活乡村乡贤资源的村企合作路径、激活乡村社会资源的社会化服务路径、激活乡村资产资源的物业经济或“飞地”抱团物业经济路径以及激活乡村资金要素的“投改股”路径等为当前激活乡村“三资”要素带动发展壮大村集体经济的5条主要发展路径，激活乡村不同的“三资”要素带动村级集体经济发展有不同路径。结论 未来，在各地发展实践中必须因地制宜，因村施策找到适宜本村的优势要素及主要发展路径；每一种路径不是单一绝对的，也可能是几种路径或因素交互作用发展不同路径；随着实践发展，路径与机制会有迭代升级效应。

Abstract:

In the new era, developing and expanding the new-type village-level collective economy is the material basis for realizing the comprehensive revitalization of the countryside, and also an important path to narrow the difference between urban and rural areas and achieve common prosperity. Rural "three capital" elements are the necessary material basis for the development and expansion of village-level collective economy. At present, there are difficulties such as large volume of the rural "three capital" elements, insufficient activation and ineffective mechanisms.To analyze the theoretical logic of the activation of rural "three capital" elements and sort out the realization path is of important reference significance for promoting the development of village collective economy, helping rural revitalization, and realizing common prosperity. In this paper, theoretical analysis, the case analysis and empirical research methods were combined, and 20 counties (districts) and 40 administrative villages in Zhejiang province, Shandong province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region were selected as research objects to carry out a relative systematic and comprehensive analysis from the organizational management mode, operation management mode, related governance mechanism and effect realization form and other dimensions. The result of research showed that the land stock cooperative path that activated rural land resources and the village-enterprise cooperation path that activated rural talents and the socialized service path that activated rural social resources and the property economy or "enclave" group property economy path that activated rural assets and resources and the "investment and stock conversion" path that activated rural capital elements drive the development and growth of the "three capital" factors currently activated in rural areas were the five main development paths of village collective economy at present. There were different ways to activate the different "three capital" factors in rural areas to promote the development of village-level collective economy. In the future in the development practice, local conditions must be adjusted to find the advantageous factors and main development paths suitable for the village according to the village policies. Each path is not a single absolute, or several paths or factors may interact to develop different paths. With the development of practice, the path and mechanism will have an iterative upgrade effect.