西部地区农田生态服务价值时空变化特征及影响因素研究

STUDY ON THE SPATIOTEMPORAL VARIATION CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF FARMLAND ECOSYSTEM SERVICE VALUE IN WESTERN CHINA

关键词:  西部地区  农田生态系统  服务功能  时空变化  影响因素

Key words:  Western China  farmland ecosystem  service function  spatiotemporal variation  influencing factor

摘要:

目的 农田生态系统蕴含的生产价值、生态价值以及社会功能，对人类社会发展具有重要作用，分析其时空变化规律和潜在影响因素，对推动农业生产提质增效、绿色发展具有重要意义。方法 文章以2002—2022年西部地区统计资料为基础，运用环境经济学方法，对12项正向服务价值以及4项负向服务价值进行计算，并采用多元回归模型分析各省农田生态系统总服务价值空间差异的影响因素。结果 （1）2002—2022年西部地区农田生态系统总服务价值持续提升，由1.106 71万亿元增长到3.453 21万亿元。（2）供给服务特别是农产品生产价值占正向服务价值的50.3%~67.2%，说明农田生态系统最基本的功能就是提供农产品，同时能够以市场价值体现，而人们对于其他服务功能的支付意愿较低。（3）调节服务和支持服务中的气体调节和废弃物消纳价值占比较高，分别为9.0%~9.6%和7.2%~13.1%。负向服务价值增速低于正向服务价值，说明在农业生产过程中加大了对生态环境的重视程度和保护力度。（4）2002—2022年四川、广西两地因农产品产量较高，农田生态系统总服务价值位居西部地区前列，占比接近1/3。西藏、青海、宁夏、重庆和甘肃5地位居西部末尾，特别是西藏和青海，年均增幅不足10亿元，与其以畜牧业为主的农业产业结构有关。（4）农业人口投入和科技发展水平是影响农田生态系统总服务价值的主要因素，乡村从业人数、万元GDP能耗的弹性系数分别为1.1和0.504。结论 西部地区地域辽阔，具有多样化的地形地貌和气候类型，同时也是生态脆弱区，未来应当因地制宜，通过科学种植和高效管理，让农业生产提质增效，提升农田生态系统对人类的惠益。

Abstract:

The production value, ecological value, and social function contained in farmland ecosystems play an important role in the development of human society. To analyze its spatiotemporal variation patterns and potential influencing factors is of great significance for promoting the improvement of agricultural production quality, efficiency, and green development. Based on statistical data from Western China from 2002 to 2022, environmental economics methods were used to calculate 12 positive service values and 4 negative service values. Multiple regression models were used to analyze the influencing factors of spatial differences in the total service value of farmland ecosystems in various provinces. The results showed that: (1) From 2002 to 2022, the total service value of farmland ecosystems in Western China continued to increase, from 1 106.71 billion yuan to 3 453.21 billion yuan. (2) Supply services, especially agricultural product production value, accounted for 50.3% to 67.2% of the positive service value. This indicated that the most basic function of the farmland ecosystem was to provide agricultural products, as well as could be reflected in market value, while people's willingness to pay for other service functions was relatively low. (3) The value of gas regulation and waste disposal in regulation and support services was relatively high, accounting for 9.0% to 9.6% and 7.2% to 13.1%, respectively. The negative service value had also been increasing year by year, but the growth rate was lower than the positive service value, indicating that the emphasis and protection of the ecological environment had been increased in the agricultural production process. (4) From 2002 to 2022, Sichuan and Guangxi, due to their high agricultural output, ranked among the top in Western China in terms of the total service value of farmland ecosystem, accounting for nearly one-third. Xizang, Qinghai, Ningxia, Chongqing, and Gansu ranked at the bottom of Western China, especially Xizang and Qinghai, with an average annual growth rate of less than 1 billion yuan. This was related to the agricultural industry structure dominated by animal husbandry.(4) The input of the agricultural population and the level of technological development were the main factors affecting the total service value of the farmland ecosystem. The elasticity coefficients of rural employment and energy consumption per 10 000 yuan of GDP were 1.1 and 0.504, respectively. In summary, Western China has a vast territory with diverse terrain, landforms, and climate types, and is also an ecologically fragile area. In the future, it should be tailored to local conditions, through scientific planting and efficient management, to improve the quality and efficiency of agricultural production, and enhance the benefits of farmland ecosystems to humanity.