耕地进出平衡实施效果探究——以广东省为例

THE CULTIVATED LAND "ACCESS-EXIT BALANCE" IMPLEMENTATION EFFECT RESEARCH——A CASE STUDY OF GUANGDONG PROVINCE

关键词:  耕地保护  进出平衡  实施效果  综合评估  广东省

Key words:  cultivated land protection  access-exit balance  implementation effect  comprehensive evaluation  Guangdong province

摘要:

目的 耕地进出平衡是新时期耕地保护政策体系的重要部分，广东省作为社会经济发展的前沿阵地与粮食主销区，定量评估其实施效果是进一步完善该政策的关键。方法 文章从耕地数量、质量、生态和景观格局4个维度构建实施效果评估体系，采用对比分析法量化耕地进出平衡评估指标值，并运用多因素综合评价法，从空间视角定量综合评估广东省耕地进出平衡政策实施效果。结果 （1）研究区实现了耕地进出的数量质量双平衡，但存在一定数量的水田流失，且优质耕地转入较少；（2）研究区耕地进出平衡实施造成林地等生态用地面积减少；（3）研究区耕地景观格局得到一定优化，耕地聚集程度上升，但耕地形状趋于复杂，耕作难度增加；（4）耕地进出平衡政策实施效果存在较大区域差异。珠三角地区整体成效较好，其余地区整体取得成效相对较低，在水田保护、耕地质量提升、破碎化和生态保护等方面存在不同程度问题。结论 研究区耕地进出平衡政策取得一定实施成效，但仍存在水田流失、生态用地减少和耕地细碎化等问题，应从质量提升、集中连片和区域协调等方面进一步完善耕地进出平衡政策。

Abstract:

A balance between the access and exit of cultivated land is an important element of an cultivated land protection policy. For Guangdong province, a frontier in social and economic development and a key grain area, quantitative assessment of such policy is fundamental to improving policy and practices. The implementation assessment system was based on four dimensions: quantity, quality, ecology, and landscape profile of the cultivated land. And a comparative analysis was used to quantify assessment index values of the balance between the access and exit of cultivated land. Then a utilized multi-factor comprehensive evaluation method was adopted to quantitatively and comprehensively assess the implementation effect of the Cultivated Land “Access-Exit Balance” Policy in Guangdong province from a spatial perspective. The results showed that: (1) The research area had realized the balance between the cultivated land's access and exit, both in terms of quantity and quality. However, there was a loss of paddy fields and less transfer-in of high-quality cultivated land; (2) The implementation of the Cultivated Land “Access-Exit Balance” Policy in the research area also resulted in the reduction of ecological land, such as the total area of forestation; (3) The landscape profile of the cultivated land in the research area was optimized to a certain extent, with a rising degree of cultivated land agglomeration. However, the shape of the arable tended to become more complex, thus increasing the difficulty of farming; (4) There were large regional differences in the implementation effect of the Cultivated Land “Access-Exit Balance” Policy as well. Effectiveness was better in the Pearl River Delta region than in other regions that had various problems, such as the protection of paddy fields, the improvement of cultivated land quality, the fragmentation of land, and ecological protection. To summarize, in the research area, the Cultivated Land “Access-Exit Balance” Policy achieves a certain degree of success, while problems do persist, such as the loss of paddy fields, the reduction of ecological land, and the fragmentation of cultivated land. Therefore, cultivated Land “Access-Exit Balance” Policy should be further improved in several aspects, including quality improvement, concentration for continuous farming, and regional coordination.