社会资本对农户有机肥替代化肥的影响分析——来自蔬菜主产区5省市农户的实证

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIAL CAPITAL ON FARMERS' SUBSTITUTION OF ORGANIC FERTILIZER FOR CHEMICAL FERTILIZER——EVIDENCE FROM FIVE MAJOR VEGETABLE-PRODUCING PROVINCES AND CITIES

关键词:  有机肥  随机前沿超越对数生产函数  要素替代  替代弹性  社会资本

Key words:  organic fertilizer  stochastic frontier beyond logarithmic production function  factor substitution  elasticity of substitution  social capital

摘要:

目的 农业生产中有机肥替代化肥，既关系到面源污染的控制，又关系到农产品质量安全。方法 文章基于黄淮海与环渤海5省市480份蔬菜种植户调查数据，采用随机前沿超越对数生产函数测算农户有机肥—化肥替代弹性，实证分析社会资本发挥的驱动效果并进行异质性探究。结果 （1）有机肥的产出弹性约是化肥的产出弹性的3倍，表明有机肥增加更有利于单产的增加；同时，有机肥—化肥替代弹性为1.090，表现出有机肥对化肥较强的替代性。（2）综合社会资本正向促进农户有机肥替代化肥。其中，结构型社会资本与认知型社会资本均发挥显著影响。此外，家庭总收入水平更高、平均地块面积大于0.4 hm²（6亩）的农户更倾向于用有机肥替代化肥。（3）异质分析表明，认知型社会资本对“新一代”及高文化程度群体有机肥替代化肥决策的促进作用更明显，结构型社会资本对低文化程度群体有机肥替代化肥决策的促进作用更明显。结论 应加大对农户社会资本的培育力度，针对异质性群体，充分利用特定类型社会资本对绿色施肥技术的传播作用，并鼓励适度规模经营，提高农户收入水平，为有机肥施用创造配套条件。

Abstract:

Substituting chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers in agricultural production is crucial for controlling non-point source pollution and ensuring the quality and safety of agricultural products. Utilizing survey data from 480 vegetable farmers across five provinces and cities in the Huang-Huai-Hai and Bohai Rim regions, this study employed the stochastic frontier beyond logarithmic production function to measure the elasticity of organic fertilizer-chemical fertilizer substitution, and empirically analyzed the driving effect of social capital and explores associated heterogeneity. The results were listed as follows. (1) The output elasticity of organic fertilizer was approximately three times that of chemical fertilizer, indicating that increased application of organic fertilizer more significantly boosted yields. Additionally, the substitution elasticity of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer was 1.090, demonstrating that organic fertilizer serves as a strong substitute for chemical fertilizer. (2) Comprehensive social capital positively influenced farmers' adoption of organic fertilizers over chemical fertilizers, with both structural and cognitive social capital exerting significant effects. Furthermore, farmers with higher household incomes and average plot sizes exceeding 0.4 hm2(6 acres ) were more inclined to substitute chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers. (3) Heterogeneity analysis revealed that cognitive social capital had a more substantial impact on the decision-making of the "new generation" and highly literate groups, whereas structural social capital more significantly influenced the decision-making of low-literacy groups. Therefore,enhancing farmers' social capital, particularly tailored to heterogeneous groups, is essential. Maximizing the role of specific types of social capital in promoting green fertilization techniques and encouraging moderate-scale operations can increase farmers' income levels and create favorable conditions for the application of organic fertilizers.