改革开放以来农村宅基地管理的制度政策演进逻辑与驱动机制

POLICY EVOLUTION LOGIC AND DRIVING MECHANISM OF RURAL HOMESTEAD MANAGEMENT INSTITUTION SINCE THE REFORM AND OPENING UP

关键词:  农村宅基地  政策演进  制度变迁  驱动机制  历史制度主义

Key words:  rural homestead  policy evolution  evolution change  driving mechanism  historical institutionalism

摘要:

目的 分析改革开放以来农村宅基地管理制度政策的演进逻辑和驱动机制，为新时代推进乡村全面振兴的宅基地改革提供理论遵循和现实参考。方法 文章从历史制度主义的分析视角出发，构建起“历史演进—变迁逻辑—驱动机制”的复合性分析框架，纳入政治经济和社会因素对宅基地管理制度政策演进过程与驱动特征进行深入学理阐述。结果 研究表明，宅基地管理政策经历了主体放宽和日趋规范、限制流转和平衡调适、产权明晰和放活流转、权能细化和灵活管控4个阶段的发展态势，其制度政策变迁路径呈现出宏观政策控制下的强制性特征，变迁路径与置换、漂移、转换3种模式共同作用，并沿着“路径依赖”与“关键节点”下的制度变迁惯性发展。其中，外部环境、内部结构、观念与行动者作为系统的有机整体形成宅基地制度政策变迁的动力机制。结论 未来，需综合考量政治经济和社会因素完善宅基地制度改革配套和相关政策法律，探索与区域经济社会结构相适应的宅基地盘活利用方式，加强产权明晰工作和建立健全相关反馈渠道，以形成多方利益行动者的综合合力和良性互动。

Abstract:

It is of great significance for providing theoretical compliance and a practical reference in the new era of rural homestead reformation under the background rural comprehensive revitalization to analyze the policy evolution logic and driving mechanism of rural homestead management institution since the reform and opening up. Based on the analysis perspective of historical institutionalism, this research constructed an analytical framework of "historical change - evolution logic - driving mechanism", and deeply expound on the process and driving characteristics of the policy evolution of the homestead management institution incorporating the political, economic, and social factors. It was found that the homestead management system had experienced four stages of development: relaxed object and increasingly standardized, restricted transfer and balance adjustment, clarification of property rights and flexible transfer, power refining and flexible management, and its transition path showed the mandatory characteristics under the control of macro policies, and then interacting with each other by three modes: displacement, drift, transformation, developing along the inertia of institutional change under "path dependence" and "critical nodes". It was formed the organic whole of the system as the dynamic mechanism of the homestead institutional change from institutional environment, institutional structure, concepts and actors. Therefore, in the future, it is necessary to improve the homestead system reform related policies and laws considered political, economic and social factors, and explore the different modes of redevelopment of rural homestead which is compatible with the regional economic and social structure, then strengthen the clarification of property rights, establish and improve relevant feedback channels, so as to form the synergy and positive interaction of multi-stakeholder actors.