农产品地理标志建设对农民收入的影响——基于中国292个地级市的实证分析

IMPACT OF THE CONSTRUCTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS FOR AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS ON FARMERS' INCOME——AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASEDON 292 PREFECTURE-LEVEL CITIESIN CHINA

关键词:  农产品地理标志  农村居民可支配收入  工资性收入  经营性收入  产品溢价  产业集聚

Key words:  geographical indications of agricultural products  disposable income of rural residents  wage income  operating income  product premium  industrial agglomeration

摘要:

目的 农产品地理标志建设是提升农民收入的重要途径，科学评估农产品地理标志对农民收入的影响以及作用机制对其进一步发展具有重要的参考意义。方法 文章基于2011—2020年全国292个地级市的面板数据，实证分析农产品地理标志建设对农民收入的影响。结果 （1）农产品地理标志每增加1个，能够促使当地农民人均可支配收入平均提升0.12%，其中收入的提升主要来源于工资性收入和经营性收入的增长。（2）农产品地理标志建设通过两条途径促进农民收入增长，一是通过产品溢价提高农民种植的积极性，使得农民经营性收入增加；二是促进区域内农林牧渔企业的成立，并且进一步促进了区域内部的农业产业集聚，为农民提供更多就业机会，提高其工资性收入。（3）异质性分析发现，农业财政支出和电子商务发展能够进一步扩大农产品地理标志建设对农民收入增长效应，在农业财政支出和电子商务发展水平较高的地市，农民人均可支配收入分别获得了额外4.5%和2.5%的增长。从农民收入的异质性上看，农产品地理标志建设显著地促进了低收入地区农民的增长，表明农产品地理标志对贫困地区增强“内部造血”能力具有较好的效果。结论 基于研究结果，地方政府应立足区域资源禀赋，进一步支持和引导农业资源具有区域特色地区的地理标志建设；积极引导农民参与到农产品地理标志的建设过程中，实现农产品地理标志的惠益共享；培育农产品地理标志龙头企业，通过“企业主导、多方参与”，在生产优势区进一步推进产业集聚化、规模化发展；重视市场和政府两种手段的结合，推动农产品地理标志建设更好地发挥促进农民增收的作用。

Abstract:

The construction of Geographical Indications for Agricultural Products (AGIs) is an important avenue for increasing farmers' incomes. Scientifically assessing the impact and mechanism of GIs on farmers' incomes is of significant reference value for their further development. Based on panel data from 292 prefecture-level cities across China from 2011 to 2020, this research empirically analyzed the impact of AGIs construction on farmers' incomes. This results showed that: (1) Each additional AGIs for agricultural products could increase the per capita disposable income of local farmers by an average of 0.12%, with income growth mainly derived from increases in wage and business income. (2) AGIs construction promoted farmers' income growth through two main pathways: firstly, by enhancing product premiums, which increased farmers' enthusiasm for cultivation and thus rose their business income; and secondly, by promoting the establishment of agroforestry, animal husbandry, and fishery enterprises within the region, which further fostered agricultural industry agglomeration and provided more employment opportunities for farmers, thereby increasing their wage income. (3) Heterogeneity analysis revealed that agricultural fiscal expenditure and e-commerce development could further amplify the positive effect of AGIs construction on farmers' income growth. In regions with higher levels of agricultural fiscal expenditure and e-commerce development, farmers' per capita disposable income increased by an additional 4.5% and 2.5%, respectively. From the perspective of income heterogeneity among farmers, AGIs construction significantly promoted the income growth of farmers in low-income areas, indicating that AGIs had a good effect on enhancing the "internal blood-making" capacity of impoverished regions. So, based on the research results, local governments should leverage regional resource endowments to further support and guide AGIs construction in areas with distinctive agricultural resources, and actively encourage farmers to participate in the construction of AGIs to realize shared benefits, and cultivate leading AGIs enterprises through a "company-led, multi-party participation" approach, then further promote industrial agglomeration and scale development in production advantage areas. Additionally, it is important to emphasize the combination of market and government efforts to better leverage the role of AGIs construction in promoting farmers' income growth.