乡村振兴背景下广西乡村人居环境水平评价及演变研究

RESEARCH ON THE EVALUATION AND EVOLUTION OF RURAL LIVING ENVIRONMENT LEVEL IN GUANGXI UNDER THE BACKGROUND OF RURAL REVITALIZATION

关键词:  乡村振兴  乡村人居环境  少数民族区域  演变趋势  广西

Key words:  rural revitalization  rural living environment  ethnic minority areas  evolutionary trend  Guangxi

摘要:

目的 乡村振兴背景下，探析广西乡村人居环境演变趋势，识别发展短板，为区域乡村建设提供借鉴。方法 文章基于狭义的乡村人居环境概念和乡村振兴背景构建广西乡村人居环境评价指标体系，然后通过熵值法、综合指数评价法和ArcGIS空间分析法对其乡村人居环境水平进行测算，并分别从市和县级层面分析区域发展差异。结果 （1）2012—2022年广西乡村人居环境综合指数水平基本呈现逐年递增趋势，指数值由2012年的0.379增长至2022年的0.670，年均增长率为6.27%。其中，公共服务和卫生环境2个子系统指数值增长最快，年均增长率分别为12.99%和12.78%，是乡村人居环境提升的主要因素；居住设施和交通条件2子系统增长幅度相对较小；农业环境子系统呈现先降低再升高的变化趋势，增长幅度不明显。（2）市域层面，乡村人居环境水平指数值以桂林最高，其次是北海、百色、防城港，其他市相对较低，河池和梧州2市最低；从变化趋势来看，提升最快的是柳州，其次是桂林、河池和来宾，其他区域增长相对较低；贺州和崇左2市乡村人居环境虽然整体水平相对较高，但是研究期内出现了负增长，尤其是崇左市下降趋势明显。（3）县域层面，乡村人居环境水平指数基本呈现增长趋势，但是区域发展变化差异较大。从2012年和2022年各县域乡村人居环境排序等级划分来看，研究期间，等级提升的县市共计有14个，占比16.28%；等级下降的县市共计29个，占比33.72%，其他区域排序等级不变。（4）2012—2022年广西县域乡村人居环境整体呈现向东北高西南低的方向演变。其中，桂南区域的各县市指数相对较高并略有提升，但该增长优势不断在弱化；桂东北区域指数水平较高，区域变化波动较大；桂西和桂西北山区主要是少数民族聚居分布区，除了桂林市，其他区域乡村人居环境指数值整体提升不明显，指数等级基本呈现下降趋势。结论 广西乡村人居环境质量整体得到持续改善，但是区域发展不协同和不平衡的特点突出，尤其是偏远山区少数民族聚居区，农村人居环境基础设施建设薄弱，未来需要加强桂北、桂西北少数民族区域间合作，促进地区资源整合和乡村建设协同发展。

Abstract:

In the context of rural revitalization, this research explores the evolution trend of rural living environment in Guangxi, identifies development shortcomings, and provides a reference for regional rural construction. Based on the narrow concept of rural living environment and the background of rural revitalization, a rural living environment evaluation index system in Guangxi was constructed. Then, the entropy method, comprehensive index evaluation method, and ArcGIS spatial analysis method were used to calculate the rural living environment, and regional development differences were analyzed at the provincial, municipal, and county-level levels. The results were listed as follow. (1) From 2012 to 2022, the comprehensive index level of rural living environment in Guangxi showed a basic increasing trend year by year, with the index value increasing from 0.379 in 2012 to 0.670 in 2022, with an average annual growth rate of 6.27%. Among them, the two subsystems of public services and health environment had the fastest growth rates, with an average annual growth rate of 12.99% and 12.78%, respectively, which were the main factors for improving the rural living environment in the province; The growth rate of the two subsystems of residential facilities and transportation conditions was relatively small; The agricultural environment subsystem showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing, with no significant growth. (2) At the city level, Guilin had the highest index value for rural living environment level, followed by Beihai, Baise, and Fangchenggang. Other cities had relatively low values, and Hechi and Wuzhou was the lowest; From the trend of change, Liuzhou had the fastest improvement, followed by Guilin, Hechi, and Laibin, with relatively low growth in other regions; Although the overall level of rural living environment in Hezhou and Chongzuo cities was relatively high, there had been negative growth during the research period, especially in Chongzuo city, where the downward trend was obvious. (3) At the county level, the rural living environment level index showed a basic growth trend, but there were significant differences in regional development changes. From the ranking and classification of rural living environments in various counties in 2012 and 2022, a total of 14 counties and cities were upgraded during the research period, accounting for 16.28%; There were a total of 29 counties and cities with declining levels, accounting for 33.72%, while the ranking of other regions remains unchanged. (4) From 2012 to 2022, the overall living environment of rural areas in Guangxi counties had evolved towards a higher northeast and lower southwest direction. Among them, the index of each county and city in the southern Guangxi region was relatively high and slightly improved, but this growth advantage was constantly weakening; The index level of the Northeast Guangxi region was relatively high, with significant regional fluctuations; The mountainous areas in western and northwestern Guangxi were mainly inhabited by ethnic minorities. Except for Guilin city, the overall improvement of the rural living environment index in other regions was not significant, and the index level was basically showing a downward trend. Therefore, the overall quality of rural living environment in Guangxi has been continuously improved, but the characteristics of regional development are prominent, especially in remote mountainous areas where ethnic minorities reside. The infrastructure construction of rural living environment is weak. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen cooperation between ethnic minority regions in northern and northwestern Guangxi, promote regional resource integration, and promote coordinated development of rural construction.