资源禀赋对养殖户畜禽粪污资源化利用行为影响研究——以黑山县308个蛋鸡养殖户为例

THE INFLUENCE OF RESOURCE ENDOWMENT ON FARMERS' BEHAVIOR OF LIVESTOCK MANURE RESOURCE UTILIZATION——A CASE STUDY OF 308 EGG-LAYING CHICKEN FARMERS IN HEISHAN COUNTY

关键词:  畜禽粪污  资源禀赋  蛋鸡养殖户  粪污资源化利用  黑山县

Key words:  livestock and poultry manure  resource endowment  egg-laying chicken farmer  manure resource utilization  Heishan county

摘要:

目的 分析养殖户资源禀赋差异对粪污资源化利用行为的影响及其作用机制，有助于促进养殖户粪污资源化利用，推动解决我国农村环境治理中畜禽粪污资源化利用难题。方法 文章依据辽宁省黑山县308个蛋鸡养殖户的调研数据，从资源禀赋视角，运用Logit模型分析养殖户畜禽类粪污资源化利用行为的影响因素。结果 （1）总体资源禀赋对蛋鸡养殖户粪污资源化利用行为具有明显促进作用，其中，规模资源禀赋和社会资源禀赋显著促进粪污资源化利用的发生。（2）从众心理弱化资源禀赋对养殖户粪污资源化利用的影响。（3）在正式外部约束方面，规模资源禀赋和社会资源禀赋对受一般正式外部约束的养殖户粪污资源化利用行为影响显著，社会资源禀赋对受严格正式约束的养殖户粪污资源化利用行为影响显著；在非正式外部约束方面，当养殖户不知晓村规民约时，社会资源禀赋对其粪污资源化利用行为起显著促进作用，养殖户知晓村规民约条件下，规模资源禀赋起显著促进作用；近距离养殖户的规模资源禀赋对粪污资源化利用行为的影响显著，远距离养殖户的资源禀赋各维度对粪污资源化利用行为的影响均显著。结论 （1）应重视养殖户资源禀赋对其生态生产行为实施的重要作用，从信贷支持和社会规范等方面有针对性地提升资源禀赋水平。（2）树立正确导向，控制负向从众心理对亲环境行为的影响，积极发挥群众作用，促进良好环保氛围。（3）把握不同环境约束的差异性，明确不同农户资本禀赋优势与劣势，制定差异化的政策。（4）依托蛋点对近距离养殖户粪污资源化利用行为进行监督，并加强技术指导与资源共享。

Abstract:

This research aims to analyze the impact of differences in resource endowment available to farmers on their behavior in manure resource utilization and its mechanism of action involved in order to promote the resource utilization of manure by farmers, and to enhance the solution to the tough problem of livestock and poultry manure resource utilization in the environment management in rural regions in China. Based on the data of 308 egg-laying chicken farmers in Heishan county, Liaoning province, this research analyzed the factors affecting farmers’ behavior in the utilization of livestock and poultry manure resources from the perspective of resource endowment on the basis of the Logit model. The results were showed as follows. (1) The overall resource endowment had a significant positive effect on the manure resource utilization behavior of egg-laying chicken farmers, among which, the scale resource endowment and social resource endowment noticeably contributed to the occurrence of manure resource utilization. (2) In addition, herd mentality weakened the favorable effect of resource endowment on farmers' manure resource utilization. (3) In terms of formal external constraints, scale resource endowment and social resource endowment dramatically affected the utilization of manure resources by farmers subject to general formal constraints, while social resource endowment prominently affected the utilization of manure resources by farmers subject to strict formal constraints. In terms of informal external constraints, only social resource endowment significantly facilitated the utilization of manure resources when the farmers were unaware of the terms of village rules and regulations. On the other hand, when farmers were conscious of the related village rules and regulations, scale resource endowment played a nonnegligible role. Besides, the scale resource endowment influenced the behavior of near-distance farmers in the manure resource utilization to a great extent, while the resource endowment in all dimensions had a remarkable impact on the behavior of far-distance farmers in the aspect of manure resource utilization. On the basis of the above research findings, the following aspects should be laid emphasis on: Firstly, it is essential to attach importance to the role of farmers' resource endowment in the implementation of their ecological production behaviors, and purposefully enhance the level of resource endowment with regard to credit support and social norms in a targeted way. Secondly, it is important to establish a correct orientation, control the influence of negative herd mentality on pro-environmental behaviors, actively exert the role of the masses, and promote a good environmental protection atmosphere. Thirdly, it is necessary to grasp the differences of environmental constraints, clarify the capital endowment advantages and disadvantages of different types of farmers, and formulate differentiated policies. Fourthly, it is crucial to supervise the behavior of near-distance farmers' manure resource utilization based on chicken farms and strengthen technical guidance and resource sharing.