基于乡村振兴战略的城乡统筹发展研究——以关中地区为例

THE COORDINATED DEVELOPMENT OF URBAN AND RURAL AREAS BASED ON THE STRATEGY OF RURAL REVITALIZATION*——TAKING THE GUANZHONG REGION AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  城乡统筹  乡村振兴战略  效率测度  空间溢出效益  关中地区

Key words:  urban-rural coordination  the rural revitalization strategy  efficiency measurement  spatial spillover benefits  Guanzhong region

摘要:

目的 通过对关中地区城乡统筹发展效率水平测度，分析区域效率差异，提出协调发展对策和建议，以期为关中地区城乡发展提供参考。方法 文章基于乡村振兴战略，构建关中地区城乡统筹发展投入和产出效率评价指标体系，同时结合数据包络分析法和全局空间自相关指数对其城乡统筹发展效率水平和协调发展现状进行综合评估。结果 （1）2022年关中地区城乡统筹投入和产出综合效率明显，其中西安、铜川、宝鸡3市为高效率，咸阳和渭南为中等效率，没有低效率和无效率类别；各地区规模收益均处于递减趋势，城乡统筹处于不稳定发展阶段。（2）从技术效率和规模效率来看，西安市、铜川市、宝鸡市和咸阳市4市均属于技术效率较高，而规模效率偏低的情况。其中，西安市和咸阳市表现为规模效率偏低，而技术效率偏高，区域规模与投入产出不匹配程度最高；宝鸡市的技术效率和规模效率均大于1，资源利用相对高效；渭南市技术效率、规模效率和综合效率均小于1，其城乡资源配置、利用、规模等均未达到相对有效状态。（3）投入冗余度区域差异较大，尤其表现在地方财政一般预算支出、全社会总用电量、全社会固定资产投入方面；产出冗余量在区域间差异相对较小，而不同指标之间的产出冗余量相差较大。（4）关中地区城乡统筹效率的空间溢出效应呈现弱的相关性，区域城乡统筹内部结构和功能协同程度低，互补效应不高，正向溢出效应不明显。结论 关中地区各区域均属于单纯的技术效率有效而规模效率无效状态，规模和投入产出不匹配，亟需优化资源配置；城乡统筹发展效率区域差异大，发展不均衡问题突出；空间溢出效益不明显，区域结构功能协同发展能力弱；最后提出相关发展对策和建议。

Abstract:

By measuring and evaluating the efficiency of urban-rural spatial coordinated development in the Guanzhong region, analyzing the regional development level and efficiency differences, and proposing scorresponding countermeasures and suggestions, in order to provide a reference for the urban-rural development in the Guanzhong region. Based on the rural revitalization strategy, an evaluation index system for the input and output efficiency of coordinated urban-rural development in the Guanzhong region was constructed. Simultaneously combining data envelopment analysis and global spatial autocorrelation index to comprehensively evaluate the efficiency level and coordinated development status of urban-rural coordinated development. The results were listed as follows. (1) In 2022, the comprehensive efficiency of urban-rural spatial coordination input and output in the Guanzhong region was significant, with Xi'an, Tongchuan, and Baoji being high efficiency, Xianyang and Weinan being medium efficiency, without any categories of low efficiency or inefficiency; The economies of scale in various regions were decreasing, and the coordinated development of urban and rural areas was still in an unstable stage of development. (2) From the perspective of technical efficiency and scale efficiency, Xi'an, Tongchuan, Baoji, and Xianyang all had high technical efficiency but low scale efficiency. Among them, both Xi'an and Xianyang cities showed low scale efficiency and high technical efficiency, with the highest degree of mismatch between regional scale and input-output; The technical efficiency and scale efficiency of Baoji city were both greater than 1, and they were relatively efficient in terms of resource investment, allocation, utilization, and scale agglomeration in urban and rural development; The technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and comprehensive efficiency of Weinan city was all less than 1, and its urban and rural spatial resource allocation, utilization, and scale had not reached a relatively effective state. (3) There were significant regional differences in investment redundancy, especially in the general budget expenditure of local finance, total electricity consumption of the whole society, and fixed asset investment of the whole society; The difference in output redundancy between regions was relatively small, while the difference in output redundancy between different indicators was significant. (4) The spatial spillover effect of urban-rural coordination efficiency in the Guanzhong region showed a weak correlation, with low internal structure and functional synergy, low complementary effect, and insignificant positive spillover effect. In summary, all regions in the Guanzhong region belong to a state of pure technical efficiency but ineffective scale efficiency, with a mismatch between scale and input-output. It is urgent to appropriately increase or decrease the agglomeration scale and optimize the spatial resource layout; The efficiency of urban-rural spatial coordinated development varies greatly among regions, and the problem of uneven development is prominent; The spatial spillover benefits are not obvious, and the collaborative development ability of regional structure and function is weak. Finally, based on the conclusion of this research, relevant development strategies and suggestions are proposed.