陕西省水果产业空间格局演化及影响因素分析

THE SPATIAL PATTERN EVOLUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE FRUIT INDUSTRY IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  水果产业  空间格局  影响因素  陕西省

Key words:  fruit industry  spatial pattern  influencing factors  Shaanxi province

摘要:

目的 开展水果产业空间格局演化特征与机制研究，可为区域水果生产要素的优化配置提供依据。方法 文章以陕西省为研究对象，立足于农业地理学与区域经济学交叉视角，综合运用区位基尼系数、比较优势指数和多元线性回归模型，探讨了2003—2023年水果产业空间格局的演化路径及其多维驱动机制。结果 （1）水果产量和果园面积逐步集中在陕西北部地区，以西安为中心的陕西中部地市水果单产普遍较高。果业规模比较优势指数（specialization advantage index，SAI），效率比较优势指数（efficiency advantage index，EAI）和综合比较优势指数（aggregate advantage index，AAI）均呈现出“中间高、南北低”的发展趋势，2003—2023年陕西省果业均衡优势区由1个增加到4个。（2）陕西省苹果、猕猴桃趋向分散分布，红枣、梨、葡萄、桃和柿子趋向集中分布，柑橘、杏分布趋势未发生明显变化。（3）日照时数、有效灌溉面积、化肥使用量、劳动力投入、交通运输水平、科技水平与水果产业空间分布显著正相关，温度、降水量、非农就业机会、粮食安全与水果产业空间分布显著负相关。结论 未来，陕西省应当进一步挖掘区域资源禀赋，立足于自然条件进行合理布局，通过完善交通物流体系、提升科技水平等措施逐步优化水果产业空间格局。

Abstract:

Conducting research on the evolutionary characteristics and mechanisms of the spatial pattern of the fruit industry can provide a basis for the optimal allocation of regional fruit production factors. Taking Shaanxi province as the research object, this research, based on the interdisciplinary perspective of agricultural geography and regional economics, comprehensively applied the location Gini coefficient, comparative advantage index, and multiple linear regression model to explore the evolutionary path of the spatial pattern of the fruit industry from 2003 to 2023 and its multi-dimensional driving mechanisms. The results showed that: (1) Fruit production and orchard area gradually concentrated in the northern region of Shaanxi. The unit fruit yield in the central cities of Shaanxi, with Xi'an as the center, was generally high. The values of the specialization advantage index (SAI), efficiency advantage index (EAI), and aggregate advantage index (AAI) of the fruit industry all showed a development trend of "high in the middle, low in the north and south". From 2003 to 2023, the number of balanced-advantage areas of the fruit industry in Shaanxi province increased from 1 to 4. (2) Apples and kiwifruits in Shaanxi province tended to be distributed dispersedly, while red dates, pears, grapes, peaches, and persimmons tended to be distributed concentratedly. The distribution trends of citrus and apricots had no obvious changes. (3) Sunshine hours, effective irrigation area, amount of chemical fertilizer used, labor input, transportation level, and scientific and technological level were significantly positively correlated with the spatial distribution of the fruit industry, while temperature, precipitation, non-agricultural employment opportunities, and food security were significantly negatively correlated with the spatial distribution of the fruit industry. In the future, Shaanxi province should further explore its regional resource endowments, make a reasonable layout based on natural conditions, and gradually optimize the spatial pattern of the fruit industry through measures such as improving the transportation and logistics system and enhancing the scientific and technological level.