辽河平原典型黑土区土壤农业利用适宜性评价——以苏家屯区为例

SUITABILITY EVALUATION FOR SOIL AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION IN THE TYPICAL BLACK SOIL AREA OF THE LIAOHE PLAIN REGION——A CASE STUDY OF SUJIATUN

关键词:  苏家屯区  土壤农业利用适宜性评价  错配分析  适宜程度  辽河平原典型黑土区

Key words:  Sujiatun  agricultural land suitability evaluation  mismatch analysis  suitable degree  typical black soil area of the Liaohe Plain

摘要:

目的 为了优化土地利用结构、指导农业生产规划、保护土地资源、促进农业可持续发展以及合理利用土地资源，对典型黑土区农业用地的适宜性进行分析评价， 确保辽河平原典型黑土区农业生产的长期稳定发展。方法 文章以沈阳市苏家屯区农业用地为研究对象，根据当地实际情况，选取坡度、土壤质地、土层厚度、地表砾石丰度、排水能力、水资源条件和地表侵蚀程度7项指标，利用归类法反映苏家屯区土壤农业利用适宜性和适宜程度。结果 （1）该区土壤农业利用适宜类型分布特征明显，以宜耕土地为主（占比85.74%），宜园、宜林和宜草土地占比分别为9.82%、4.08%和0.36%；（2）该区高度适宜耕地的土地资源较为丰富，为农业生产提供了良好基础，区域内限制因素与适宜类型的关系呈现出明显的空间差异，限制因素等级自西向东呈递增趋势，西部地势平坦、降水充沛、土壤质量好，适宜发展耕地或园地，东部地区地形多变、丘陵较多、土壤质地较差，更适合规划为林地或草地；（3）该区土壤类型与适宜类型关联紧密，水稻土和草甸土是区域内主要农业生产土壤，棕壤功能多样，在耕、园、林等领域均展现出良好的适宜性，石质土则多适于林地，其他类型的土壤需针对性规划；（4）该区各行政区的土壤农业利用适宜类型存在明显差异，十里河街道的宜耕土地面积最大，是区域内农业生产的核心区域，白清姚千街道在宜林、宜园和宜草土地方面均占据较大面积，土地利用类型多样且丰富；（5）该区土地利用错配现象较为突出，部分土地被用于非最适宜的生产活动，导致土地利用效率低下，造成了资源的浪费，有碍于区域农业的可持续发展。结论 苏家屯区土壤农业利用适宜性以宜耕土地为主，但存在明显的地域差异和土壤类型差异，导致土壤农业利用的适宜程度也各不相同；同时，研究还发现土地利用存在明显的错配现象，部分土地被用于非最适宜的生产活动。

Abstract:

This research evaluated the agricultural land suitability, taking Sujiatun as an example, in order to optimize land use structure, guide agricultural production, protect land resources, promote sustainable agricultural development, and rationally use land resource, and ensure the sustainable development of agricultural production in the typical Black soil area of the Liaohe Plain. Seven evaluation indicators, including slope, soil texture, soil layer thickness, gravel abundance of surface soil, drainage capacity, water resource condition, and surface erosion degree were selected, and the agricultural land suitability and degree were evaluated by using the classification method in Sujiatun, Shenyang, Liaoning Province. The area suitable for cropland, orchard, forest land, and grassland accounted for 85.74%, 9.82% 4.08% and 0.36% of total agricultural land area, respectively. The land resources highly suitable for cultivated land in Sujiatun were relatively abundant, providing a good foundation for agricultural production. The relationship between restrictive factors and suitable types showed obviously spatial differences within this region. The grades of restrictive factors were increased from west to east of this region. The west region was suitable for the development of cultivated land or garden land due to flat terrain, abundant precipitation and good soil quality. The east region was suitable for forest land or grassland due to diverse terrain, numerous hills and poor soil quality. Soil types were closely related to suitable types. Paddy soil and meadow soil were the main soil types for agricultural production. Brown earth had diverse functions and showed good suitability in fields such as farming, horticulture and forestry. Stony soil was mostly suitable for forest land. Other soil types needed to be planned specifically. There were obvious differences in the suitable types of soil for agricultural use among various administrative districts. Shilihe district had the largest area of land suitable for cultivation and was the core area of agricultural production in the region. Baiqingyaoqian district occupied a relatively large area of land suitable for forestry, gardens and grass, and the types of land use were diverse and rich. The phenomenon of land use mismatch was rather prominent in Sujiatun. Some land was used for non-most suitable production activities, resulting in low land use efficiency, waste of resources and hindering the sustainable development of regional agriculture.The agricultural land in Sujiatun is manly suitable for cropland, and has significant differences in the region and soil type, which could result in varied suitability degree of agricultural land. In addition, the study reveals a serious mismatch between land use types, and some area of unsuitable agricultural land.