中国粮食产业链龙头企业的空间格局演变特征及影响因素研究

THE EVOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF THE SPATIAL PATTEN OF LEADING ENTERPRISES IN CHINA’S GRAIN INDUSTRY CHAIN

关键词:  粮食产业链  空间格局  龙头企业  聚集区  地理探测器

Key words:  grain industry chain  spatial pattern  leading enterprises  agglomeration area  geographic detector

摘要:

目的 探索中国粮食产业链龙头企业的空间格局演变特征及其影响因素，对粮食产业链升级与粮食安全战略实施有重要参考价值。方法 文章基于中国粮食产业链的农业产业化国家重点龙头企业（以下简称“龙头企业”）数据，运用空间分析方法描述中国粮食产业链龙头企业空间格局演变特征，采用地理探测器分析资源禀赋、经济资本、粮食产业支持、市场规模、交通便利性、劳动力、全球化和技术水平等因素对中国粮食产业链龙头企业空间格局演变的影响。结果 （1）中国粮食产业链龙头企业空间分布属于聚集分布类型，集聚程度在减弱，中游和下游龙头企业空间分布的集聚程度明显强于上游龙头企业。（2）对比2003年、2010年、2018年和2023年这4年我国粮食产业链的龙头企业空间分布，发现粮食产业链龙头企业的核心聚集区发生变化，但始终围绕在江苏、河南、安徽3地的交界处以及北京、天津、河北和山东4地的交界处。（3）粮食产业链龙头企业在各省分布不均衡，上游龙头企业和下游龙头企业在各省分布不均衡程度逐渐减弱，中游龙头企业在各省分布不均衡程度先减弱后增强。（4）推动中国粮食产业链龙头企业空间格局演变的核心因素在发生变化。结论 中国粮食产业链龙头企业的空间格局呈现高密度聚集区逐渐分散并呈现向外扩散的趋势，中游和下游的龙头企业空间集聚度较高，粮食产业链龙头企业的地区分布不均衡程度在下降。交通的便利推动了中国粮食产业链上游、中游和下游龙头企业空间演变，资源禀赋和粮食产业支持推动了粮食产业链龙头企业形成空间集聚。由此可见资源禀赋、粮食产业支持和交通条件对粮食产业链龙头企业空间布局的影响程度比较强，其他因素影响较小。中国未来可以从技术创新、劳动力水平、全球化方面优化粮食产业链龙头企业布局。

Abstract:

Exploring the evolution characteristics and influencing factors of the spatial pattern of China's leading enterprises in the grain industry chain, has an important reference value for the upgrading of the grain industry chain and the implementation of food security strategy. Based on the data of the national key leading enterprises of agricultural industrialization in China's grain industry chain (hereinafter referred to as "leading enterprises"), this research used the spatial analysis method to describe the evolution characteristics of the spatial pattern of leading enterprises in China's grain industry chain, and adopted geographic detectors to describe the spatial pattern evolution of leading enterprises in China's grain industry chain from the factors of resource endowment, economic capital, grain industry support, market size, transportation convenience, labor, globalization, and technological level. The findings indicated that: (1) The spatial distribution of leading enterprises in China's grain industry chain belonged to the agglomeration distribution type, and the degree of agglomeration was weakening, and the spatial distribution of leading enterprises in the middle and downstream was significantly stronger than that of the leading enterprises in the upstream. (2) Comparing the spatial distribution of the leading enterprises in China's grain industry chain in 2003, 2010, 2018 and 2023, it was found that the core agglomeration area of the leading enterprises in the grain industry chain had changed, but it had always been around the junction of Jiangsu, Henan and Anhui and the junction of Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei and Shandong. (3) The distribution of leading enterprises in the grain industry chain in various provinces was uneven, the uneven distribution of upstream leading enterprises and downstream leading enterprises in various provinces was gradually weakened, and the uneven distribution of midstream leading enterprises in various provinces was first weakened and then enhanced. (4) The core factors driving the evolution of the spatial pattern of China's leading enterprises in the grain industry chain were changing. In conclusion, the spatial pattern of China's leading enterprises in the grain industry chain shows that the high-density agglomeration areas are gradually dispersed and shows a trend of diffusion outward, the spatial agglomeration degree of the leading enterprises in the middle and downstream is relatively high, and the regional distribution of the leading enterprises in the grain industry chain is decreasing. The convenience of transportation promotes the spatial evolution of the upstream, midstream and downstream leading enterprises of China's grain industry chain, and the resource endowment and support of the grain industry promotes the formation of spatial agglomeration of leading enterprises in the grain industry chain. It can be seen that resource endowment, grain industry supports and transportation conditions have a strong impact on the spatial layout of leading enterprises in the grain industry chain, while other factors have little impact. In the future, China can optimize the layout of leading enterprises in the food industry chain from the aspects of technological innovation, labor level and globalization.