“龙头企业＋农户”生猪养殖模式的收入效应——基于交易特性视角

THE INCOME EFFECT OF THE “LEADING ENTERNTERPERSE + FARMERS” lIVE PIG INDUSTRY MODEL——BASED ON TRANSACTION CHARARCTERISTICS

关键词:  交易特性  生猪养殖场户  “龙头企业＋农户”  养殖收入  内生转换模型

Key words:  trading characteristics  pig farmers  "Leading enterprise + farmers"  farming income  Endogenous Switching Regression Model

摘要:

目的 “龙头企业＋农户”是一种重要的生猪产业纵向协作模式，对促进生猪产业化组织经营发展具有重要意义。方法 文章基于河南、湖北和辽宁3省278份生猪调研数据，利用熵值法测算生猪养殖场户的交易特性水平，通过内生转换模型（ESRM）实证分析交易特性对生猪养殖场户“龙头企业＋农户”养殖模式选择的影响以及该养殖模式带来的收入效应。结果 交易特性强弱对合作养殖模式的选择具有显著影响，专用性、风险性对紧密型和松散型合作养殖参与行为均产生显著促进作用，规模性仅显著促进松散型合作养殖参与行为；松散型与紧密型合作养殖参与有助于提高养殖净收入，可使养殖场户的养殖净收入分别提高25.23%和30.12%；紧密型与松散型合作养殖参与通过降低养殖成本，进而提高养殖净收入；合作养殖的收入效应对不同规模、不同收入水平的养殖场户具有显著差异。结论 据此，提出加强养殖场户的自身建设、创新“龙头企业＋农户”生猪养殖模式、加强政府的引导与支持的对策建议。

Abstract:

"Leading enterprise + farmers" is an important vertical cooperation mode in the live pig industry, which is of great significance in promoting the development of pig industrialization and organization. Based on survey data from 278 pig farming households in Henan, Hubei, and Liaoning provinces, this research applied the entropy method to measure the transaction characteristics of pig farming households. Using the Endogenous Switching Regression Model (ESRM), it empirically analyzed the impact of transaction characteristics on the choice of the "leading enterprise + household" farming model and examined the income effect associated with this model. The results indicated that the strength of transaction characteristics significantly influenced the choice of cooperative farming models. Specifically, asset specificity and risk significantly promoted participation in both close and loose cooperative farming models, while scale only significantly promoted participation in loose cooperative farming. Participation in loose and close cooperative farming models contributed to increase net farming income, raising it by 25.23% and 30.12%, respectively. This increase in net income was achieved by reducing farming costs. The income effects of cooperative farming models varied significantly across farms of different sizes and income levels. Accordingly, this research proposes strategies to strengthen the internal capacity of pig farming households, innovate the "leading enterprise + household" pig farming model, and enhance government guidance and support.