资本下乡对农村外出劳动力回流的作用机制研究

THE IMPACT OF COMMERCIAL CAPITAL GOING TO THE COUNTRYSIDE ON THE RETURNING MIGRANT LABORS

关键词:  资本下乡  农村外出劳动力回流  产业振兴  人居环境  村集体经济组织

Key words:  commercial capital going to the countryside  the returning of migrant labors  industrial revitalization  living conditions  village collective economic organization

摘要:

目的 畅通城乡要素流动是全面推进乡村振兴的迫切需要，剖析资本下乡对农村外出劳动力回流的影响，对于激发农业农村发展的内生动力具有重要意义。方法 文章利用2014年、2016年和2018年中国劳动力动态调查数据，分析资本下乡对劳动力回流的影响，探讨产业发展、人居环境以及村集体经济组织在其中起到的作用，并进一步从多个角度进行了异质性分析。结果 （1）资本下乡显著促进了农村外出劳动力回流，且结果在一系列稳健性检验下依然成立；（2）资本下乡可以通过促进农村二三产业发展、改善人居环境两条路径吸引外出劳动力回流；（3）村集体经济组织发展水平正向调节了资本下乡的劳动力回流效果；（4）资本下乡显著增强了回流劳动力的非农就业意愿，更能吸引创业型、务工型劳动力回流。无论是以农业收入为主的纯农型，还是以非农就业为主的Ⅱ兼型家庭，资本下乡均可以促进其劳动力回流。且相较中西部地区，东部地区的效果显著。结论 应进一步有序引导工商资本下乡，构建城—乡劳动力流动机制，发展壮大新型村集体经济，进而拉动“智力回流”。

Abstract:

Facilitating the flow of factors between urban and rural areas is urgently needed to comprehensively promote rural revitalization. Analyzing the impact of commercial capital going to the countryside on the returning of migrant labors is of great significance in stimulating the endogenous dynamics of agricultural and rural development. Based on the data from the China Labor Dynamics Survey database in 2014, 2016 and 2018, this study estimated the impact of commercial capital going to the countryside on the returning of migrant labors, examined the role played by industrial development, human living conditions and village collective economic organizations, and discussed the heterogeneity from several perspectives. The results were showed as follows. (1) Commercial capital going to the countryside significantly promoted the returning of migrant labors, and the results were still robust under a series of robustness tests; (2) Commercial capital going to the countryside could attract rural labors to return to the countryside by promoting the development of rural secondary and tertiary industries, and improving the human living conditions; (3) The development of the village collectives economic organization positively moderated the effect; (4) Commercial capital going to the countryside significantly strengthened the willingness of the migrant labors for non-farm employment, and was more likely to induce entrepreneurial and working labors to return. Commercial capital going to the countryside could promote the returning of migrant labors for the households, both agricultural income and non-farm income as the main source of income. Compared with the central and western regions, the effect in the eastern region was more significant. Therefore, further orderly guidance of commercial capital to rural areas should be carried out to build a urban - rural labor flow mechanism, develop and expand new types of village collective economy, and thus facilitate "intellectual return".