土地禀赋、外部激励与农户化肥减量增效技术采纳行为——基于陕西省猕猴桃种植户调查数据的实证分析

LAND ENDOWMENT, EXTERNAL INCENTIVE AND FARMERS' ADOPTION BEHAVIOR OF FERTILIZER REDUCTION AND EFFICIENCY ENHANCEMENT TECHNOLOGY——AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON THE SURVEY DATA OF KIWIFRUIT GROWERS IN SHAANXI PROVINCE

关键词:  化肥减量增效技术  土地禀赋  外部激励  生态认知  猕猴桃种植户

Key words:  fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technology  land endowment  external incentive  ecological cognition  kiwifruit growers

摘要:

目的 农户化肥减量增效技术的采纳对推进我国农业高质量发展和保障农产品质量安全具有重要意义。方法 文章基于696份陕西省猕猴桃种植户调研数据，选择4项化肥减量增效技术（测土配方施肥、水肥一体化、机械化施肥、有机肥替代化肥），利用Oprobit模型与中介效应模型分析了土地禀赋，经营规模、土地质量、细碎化程度与外部激励，市场驱动、政府激励、社会规范对技术采纳行为的影响，并考虑生态认知在外部激励与技术采纳关系中的中介作用。结果 （1）经营规模、细碎化程度、政府激励、社会规范对农户采用化肥减量增效技术具有显著促进作用；（2）土地禀赋和外部激励对技术采纳的影响在不同农户群体中存在差异，不同土地禀赋条件下外部激励对技术采纳的影响也存在差异；（3）生态认知在社会规范对农户技术采纳行为的影响中发挥部分中介作用，中介效应占比17.36%。结论 应持续推进农业适度规模经营；加强化肥减量增效技术的宣传推广与培训，提高补贴力度；发挥农村社会邻里效应与示范效应，在全社会营造绿色生产氛围；提高农户生态认知水平，使其充分认识化肥减量增效的生态效益。

Abstract:

The adoption of farmers' fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technology is of great significance to promote the high-quality development of agriculture and ensure the quality and safety of agricultural products in China. Based on the survey data of 696 kiwifruit growers in Shaanxi province, this research selected four technologies, formula fertilization by soil testing, integration of water and fertilizer, mechanized fertilization, organic fertilizer instead of chemical fertilizer, and used ordered Oprobit model and mediating effect model to analyze the impact of land endowment，land management scale, land quality, land fragmentation degree，and external incentive，market-driven, government incentives, social norms on farmers' technology adoption behavior. And it also considered the mediating role of ecological cognition in the relationship between external incentives and technology adoption behavior. The results showed that: (1) The scale of land management, the degree of land fragmentation, government incentives, and social norms had a significant role in promoting farmers' adoption of fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technology; (2) The effect of land endowment and external incentive on farmers' technology adoption behavior was different in different groups of farmers, and the effect of external incentive on farmers' technology adoption behavior was also different under different land endowment conditions; (3) Ecological cognition played a partial mediating role in the influence of social norms on farmers' technology adoption behavior, with a mediating effect accounting for 17.36%. Therefore, according to the research results, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: continuing to promote the moderate scale operation of agriculture; strengthening the promotion and technical training of fertilizer reduction and efficiency enhancement technology and increasing the level of subsidies; giving full play to the neighborhood effect and demonstration effect of rural society and creating an atmosphere of green production in the whole society; in addition, improving the ecological cognition level of farmers, so that they can fully understand the ecological benefits of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase.