农业保险、信贷与农户内部收入不平等

AGRICULTURAL INSURANCE, CREDIT AND HOUSEHOLDINCOME INEQUALITY

关键词:  共同富裕  收入不平等  农业保险  农业信贷  协同效应

Key words:  common prosperity  income inequality  agricultural insurance  agricultural credit  synergistic effect

摘要:

目的 促进共同富裕，最艰巨最繁重的任务在农村，农村内部的收入差距问题是实现共同富裕的主要障碍。农业保险和农业信贷作为风险管理和资金融通的两大重要工具，对于缓解农户内部收入差距的作用还没有得到有效证实。方法 文章运用2020年中国乡村振兴综合调查（CRRS）数据，基于相对剥夺视角，实证分析我国农业保险、信贷能否抑制农户内部收入不平等。结果 农业保险、信贷均对农户内部收入不平等呈现负向显著影响，但协同效应并不显著，经稳健性检验和内生性处理后结论依然成立。异质性分析显示，农业保险和信贷在平原地区均可以抑制收入不平等；在丘陵地区，农业保险效果更佳；在山区地区，农业信贷则具有比较优势。农作物机械作业占比越高，农业保险、信贷对收入差距的抑制作用越强。农业保险对粮食对外销售高占比群体的收入不平等具有显著抑制作用，而农业信贷则可以显著抑制低占比群体的收入差距。结论 需要强化农业保险和信贷的结合，统筹风险保障与资金供给一体；针对不同的农业耕作环境，选择适配的保险和信贷项目；针对不同的经营主体，设计差异化的保险产品。

Abstract:

To promote common prosperity, the most arduous and onerous task is in rural areas, and the income gap within rural areas is the main obstacle to achieving common prosperity. Agricultural insurance and agricultural credit, as two important tools for risk management and financing, have not been proved to be effective in alleviating the income gap among farmers. Therefore, based on the data of China's Rural Revitalization Comprehensive Survey (CRRS) in 2020 and from the perspective of relative deprivation, this paper empirically analyzes whether agricultural insurance and credit can inhibit income inequality among rural households in China. It is found that agricultural insurance and credit have a significant negative impact on the income gap within farmers, but the synergistic effect is not significant, and the conclusion is still valid after robustness test and endogeneity treatment. Heterogeneity analysis reveals that both agricultural insurance and credit can mitigate income inequality in plain areas; in hilly regions, agricultural insurance proves more effective; while in mountainous areas, agricultural credit holds a comparative advantage. The higher the proportion of mechanized farming, the stronger the inhibitory effect of agricultural insurance and credit on income disparity. Agricultural insurance significantly suppresses income inequality among groups with a high proportion of grain sold externally, whereas agricultural credit notably reduces the income gap among groups with a low proportion.Therefore, it is suggested to strengthen the combination of agricultural insurance and credit, and coordinate the risk protection and fund supply. Select suitable insurance and credit projects according to different agricultural environment; Design differentiated insurance products for different business entities.