中国农村宅基地退出的区域福利转化效率及省际差异分析

REGIONAL WELFARE TRANSFORMATION EFFICIENCY AND PROVINCIAL DIFFERENCES OF RURAL HOMESTEAD WITHDRAWAL IN CHINA

关键词:  宅基地  农村宅基地退出  区域福利  福利转化效率  区域协同

Key words:  homestead  withdrawal of rural homesteads  regional welfare  welfare transformation efficiency  regional synergy

摘要:

目的 提升农村宅基地退出的区域福利转化效率是破解城乡融合发展、耕地生态保护、区域福祉增进“三难”问题的重要路径。文章提出农村宅基地退出区域福利及其转化效率概念，对中国31个省（自治区、直辖市，不含港澳台）农村宅基地退出的区域福利转化状况进行量化分析，为解决农村宅基地退出困境和区域协同发展提供技术参考。方法 基于Daly的稳态经济学理论与价值工程理论，构建农村宅基地退出区域福利转化效率评估的“机会成本损失量—功能福利再造量”指标测度模型，并利用改进的价值分析模型进行分析。结果 （1）中国农村宅基地退出的区域整体福利转化效率不高，综合平均转化效率值为0.776，农村宅基地退出的区域福利转化效率提升潜力较大。（2）中国各地区农村宅基地退出的区域福利转化效率呈现明显的区域异质性，主要呈现出“东、中部较高，西部偏低”的态势并与主要经济社会福利指标之间存在趋同性。（3）受到农业、工业、高新技术产业等宏观空间区位和区域发展定位等的影响，农村宅基地退出的机会成本损失量与功能福利再造量的区域差异是导致地区间农村宅基地退出区域福利转化效率非均衡的重要原因。结论 从坚持全国一盘棋，实现区域协同推进农村宅基地退出的角度出发，需建立多元化的区际农村宅基地退出“互助互补”协同推进机制；从因地制宜挖掘区域比较优势，缩短地区发展差异的角度出发，需根据不同区域的比较优势灵活制定不同的规划发展策略，促进区域比较优势最大化；从平衡多元改革目标，深化农村宅基地制度改革的角度出发，需建立兼顾农民权益保障与区域经济社会发展的宅基地多功能利用机制，实现宅基地退出全域利益最大化。

Abstract:

Improving the efficiency of regional welfare transformation for rural homestead withdrawal is an important path to solve the "three difficulties" of urban-rural integration development, farmland ecological protection, and regional welfare enhancement. This research proposed a concept of regional welfare and transformation efficiency for rural homestead withdrawal, and quantitatively analyzed the regional welfare transformation status of rural homestead withdrawal in 31 provinces (municipalities, autonomous regions, excluding Hongkong, Macao, and Taiwan regions of China) in China, then provided a technical reference for solving the dilemma of rural homestead withdrawal and regional coordinated development. Based on Daly's steady-state economics theory and value engineering theory, it constructed an indicator measurement model for evaluating the efficiency of rural homestead withdrawal regional welfare transformation, namely the "opportunity cost loss quantity —functional welfare reconstruction quantity", and used an improved value analysis model for a deep analysis. The results indicated that: (1) The overall efficiency of welfare transformation in the regions where rural homesteads had been withdrawn in China was relatively low, with a comprehensive average conversion efficiency value of approximately 0.776. And there was significant potential for enhancing the efficiency of welfare transformation in these regions. (2) There was a significant imbalance in the efficiency of welfare transformation for rural homestead withdrawal across different parts of China. It mainly showed a trend of being "higher in the middle and eastern parts, and lower in the western parts," which aligned with the main economic and social welfare indicators. (3) The variations in macro spatial location and regional development positioning of agriculture, industry, and high-tech industries had an impact on the input and output value of welfare in rural homestead withdrawal. These differences contributed to the uneven efficiency of welfare transformation between regions. Furthermore, suggestions are proposed to enhance the efficiency of welfare transformation in rural homesteads, such as, establishing a diversified inter regional "mutual assistance and complementarity" collaborative promotion mechanism for the withdrawal of rural homesteads, and flexibly formulating different planning and development strategies based on the comparative advantages of different regions to promote the maximization of regional comparative advantages. Meanwhile, establishing a multifunctional utilization mechanism for homestead that takes into account the protection of farmers' rights and regional economic and social development, and achieve the maximization of benefits for the entire area of homestead withdrawal from the perspective of balancing diverse reform goals and deepening the reform of the rural homestead system.