农民工返乡创业赋能农村产业融合的效应与机制——基于返乡创业试点政策的考察

THE EFFECT AND MECHANISM OF MIGRANT WORKERS' RETURNING HOME AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP ENABLING RURAL INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION——EXAMINATION BASED ON THE PILOT POLICY OF RETURNING TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP

关键词:  返乡创业  农村产业融合  资金集聚  技术创新

Key words:  returning home entrepreneurship  rural industrial integration development  capital agglomeration  technological innovation

摘要:

目的 农民工返乡创业不仅是新时代农民增收的重要出路，更是推动农村产业融合的关键驱动力。方法 文章基于2013—2020年全国县域面板数据，利用返乡创业试点政策这一准自然实验，采用多时点双重差分法，考察返乡创业对农村产业融合的影响与作用机理。结果 （1）返乡创业试点政策对农村产业融合发展具有显著促进作用，在使用安慰剂检验、样本选择偏差检验、预期效应检验等一系列方法检验后，该结论仍保持稳健。（2）机制分析表明，资金集聚效应和技术创新效应是该政策促进农村产业融合发展的重要路径。且技术创新效应主要体现在实用新型技术上，对外观设计型技术影响不明显。（3）试点政策实施效果存在区域创业环境的异质性，在东部、高经济发展水平和农村数字基础设施完善的地区，返乡创业试点政策对农村产业融合具有更显著的促进作用。结论 政府应继续推进返乡创业试点政策，激活返乡效应和创业效应双向动力，在此基础上也要因地制宜，立足于各地的乡村创业环境，发挥资金集聚和技术创新在返乡创业促进农村产业融合中的关键作用。

Abstract:

The entrepreneurship of migrant workers returning to their hometowns is not only an important way to increase farmers' income in the new era, but also a key driving force to promote rural industrial integration. Based on the national county panel data from 2013 to 2020, using the quasi-natural experiment of the pilot policy of returning home to entrepreneurship, the multi-temporal double-difference method was used to investigate the impact and mechanism of returning home to entrepreneurship on rural industrial integration. The results were showed as follows. (1) The pilot policy of returning home to start a business had a significant promotion effect on the development of rural industrial integration, and the conclusion remained robust after a series of methodological tests such as the placebo test, sample selection bias test, and the expected effect test; (2) The mechanism analysis showed that the capital agglomeration effect and the technological innovation effect were important paths for this policy to promote the development of rural industrial integration. And the technological innovation effect was mainly reflected in the utility model technology, and the impact on the design-type technology was not obvious; (3) There was regional heterogeneity in the entrepreneurial environment of the implementation effect of the pilot policy, and the pilot policy of returning to the hometown for entrepreneurship had a more significant promotion effect on the integration of rural industries in the eastern part of the country, in the areas with high level of economic development and perfect digital infrastructure in the countryside. Therefore, the government should continue to promote the pilot policy of returning home entrepreneurship to activate the two-way power of returning home effect and entrepreneurial effect, and it should also be tailored to local conditions, and play the key role of capital agglomeration and technological innovation in returning home entrepreneurship to promote rural industrial integration based on the rural entrepreneurial environment in each region.