易地搬迁农户生计恢复力测度及驱动因素研究——基于罗霄山片区303户移民家庭的调查

MEASUREMENT OF LIVELIHOOD RESILIENCE AND DRIVING FACTORS AMONG FARMERS RELOCATED FOR POVERTY ALLEVIATION——BASED ON THE SURVEY OF 303 IMMIGRANT FAMILIES IN LUOXIAO MOUNTAINS CONTIGUITY AREA

关键词:  生计恢复力  易地扶贫搬迁  脱贫农户  驱动因素  罗霄山片区

Key words:  livelihood resilience  poverty-alleviation relocation  rural households out of poverty  driving factors  Luoxiao Muntains contiguity area

摘要:

目的 农户易地搬迁脱贫后的生计稳定性需要定期动态监测，探析易地搬迁农户家庭生计恢复力及其驱动因素是逐步实现易地扶贫搬迁安置区可持续发展的关键。方法 文章基于罗霄山片区303户易地搬迁农户家庭实地调研数据，运用探索性因子分析法测度农户家庭生计恢复力水平，并通过地理探测器模型识别其主要驱动因子。结果 （1）样本中68.65%的搬迁农户家庭生计恢复力处于中、高水平，低恢复力农户家庭相对差距明显，其中进城进园、中心镇安置农户生计恢复力普遍高于中心村安置农户，前两种安置类型农户生计恢复力差异较小。（2）帮扶政策、家庭成员综合素质、移民安置点周边非农就业机会及区域条件是驱动移民家庭生计恢复力提升的主要因素。（3）各驱动因素交互作用时对农户家庭生计恢复力的提升效果更为显著，其中家庭劳动力规模与帮扶政策协同作用时对农户生计恢复力的驱动效果最佳。结论 易地搬迁农户由良性生计向韧性生计发展仍存在一定挑战，推动各驱动因素优化组合是实现农户家庭生计水平跃升的有效路径。

Abstract:

The livelihood stability of farmers relocated for poverty alleviation after get rid of poverty needs regular dynamic monitoring, and exploring the resilience of families' livelihood and its driving factors is the key to gradually realize the sustainable development of immigrant resettlement areas. Based on the field survey data of 303 relocated farmers' families in Luoxiao Mountains contiguity area, the level of farmers' livelihood resilience was measured by the exploratory factor analysis, and the main driving factors were identified by geographic detector model. The results were showed as follows. (1) 68.65% of the relocated households in the sample were at medium or high levels of livelihood resilience, and the resilience index of families with low resilience level was significantly lower than that of families with high resilience level. Among them, the livelihood resilience of the farmers resettled in counties or industrial parks and central towns was generally higher than that of relocated households in central villages, and the difference between the first two resettlement types was small; (2) The support policies, comprehensive quality of family members, non-agricultural employment opportunities around immigrant settlement sites and regional conditions were the dominant factors to promote the livelihood resilience of immigrant families; (3) The interaction of all driving factors had a more significant effect on the improvement of farmers' livelihood resilience, and the synergy between the scale of family labor force and the support policies had the best driving effect on farmers' livelihood resilience. Therefore, there are still some challenges in the development of farmers relocated for poverty alleviation from benign livelihood to resilient livelihood in the research area, and promoting the optimal combination of driving factors is an effective way to realize the improvement of household livelihood level.