西南山区农作物秸秆综合利用碳减排及效益分析——以云南省为例

ANALYSIS ON CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION AND BENEFITS OF CROP STRAW COMPREHENSIVE UTILIZATION IN SOUTHWEST MOUNTAINS AREA——TAKING YUNNAN PROVINCE AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  秸秆  综合利用  空间分布  碳减排量  西南山区

Key words:  crop straw  comprehensive utilization  spatial distribution  carbon emission reduction  Southwestern mountainous area

摘要:

目的 尽可能准确地估算秸秆资源量及其分布，是实现秸秆资源化利用的前提。方法 文章以云南省主要农作物的产量为基础，运用官方草谷比和秸秆可收集系数，对2013—2022年云南省农作物秸秆资源量进行科学估算；通过聚类分析法与空间分析法，对2022年云南省各州市主要作物秸秆可收集资源量的空间分布特点进行分析；最后基于情景分析法估算了不同秸秆利用方式的具体碳减排量。结果 （1）2013—2022年云南省农作物秸秆资源量总体呈稳步上升的趋势。（2）2022年云南省农作物秸秆可收集资源总量约1 740万t，形成以稻谷、玉米和甘蔗为主的农作物秸秆种类，约占全部农作物秸秆可收集资源量的83.66%。（3）云南省中部、南部和东部地区秸秆资源量最丰富，稻谷和小麦秸秆均以红河哈尼族彝族自治州可收集量最多，玉米秸秆主要分布于曲靖市，甘蔗秸秆主要分布于临沧市。（4）2022年云南省秸秆综合利用净减排量为497万t CO₂，其中，秸秆“五化”利用共减排约592万t CO₂，尤以肥料化和饲料化利用减排量最为显著，然而未被有效利用的秸秆也产生约为95万t CO₂排放。结论 建议加快秸秆资源化利用，优先发展秸秆肥料化和饲料化，加速发展秸秆能源化，并同时鼓励多元化发展基料化和原料化，形成秸秆五化并举的利用模式，因地制宜减少温室气体排放，为实现碳中和目标提供支撑。

Abstract:

Accurately estimating the quantity and distribution of straw resources as much as possible is a prerequisite for achieving straw resource utilization. Based on the yield of major crops in Yunnan province, the amount of straw resources were calculated by official grass-to-grain ratios and straw collectability coefficients from 2013 to 2022. And the spatial distribution of major crop straw in each city of Yunnan province was investigated using cluster and spatial analysis method, while the specific carbon emission reductions of different straw utilization methods were estimated according to the scenario method. The results were listed as follows. (1) The amount of straw resources in Yunnan province exhibited a steady increase from 2013 to 2022. (2) In 2022, the total amount of straw resources reached 17.4 million tons, with rice, corn, and sugarcane straw accounting for approximately 83.66% of the total straw resources. (3) The central, southern, and eastern regions of Yunnan province were particularly rich in straw resources, as the rice and wheat straw mainly distributed in Honghe city, corn straw mainly distributed in Qujing city, and sugarcane straw mainly distributed in Lincang city. (4) In 2022, the carbon emission reduction resulting from the comprehensive utilization of straw in Yunnan province was 4.97 million tons of CO₂. Among these, the "five-directions" straw utilization methods were expected to reduce emissions by 5.92 million tons CO₂ in total, with the most significant reductions with fertilizer and feed utilization. However, the unused straw that had not been effectively utilized also produced about 0.95 million tons of CO₂. It is suggested to prioritize the development of straw fertilizer and feed utilization, accelerate the development of straw energy utilization, and encourage diversified development of raw materials utilization. Meanwhile, it proposed to form a “five-directions” straw utilization methods, reduce greenhouse gas emissions in accordance with local condition for achieving carbon neutrality.