从“个体自保”走向“社会共保”：合作社对农户“一家两制”生产行为的影响

FROM “INDIVIDUAL SELF-INSURANCE” TO “COLLECTIVE MUTUAL INSURANCE”: COOPERATIVES IMPACT ON FARMERS' “TWO SYSTEMS IN ONE FAMILY” PRODUCTION BEHAVIOR

关键词:  合作社  一家两制  农技水平  家庭收入  绿色生产意愿

Key words:  cooperatives  two systems in one family  agricultural technology level  family income  green production intention

摘要:

目的 农户“一家两制”的个体自保行为，进一步降低了消费者对农产品安全的信任和消费信心。探究参加合作社对农户“一家两制”行为的效应及影响机制，对推动农产品供给体系由“个体自保”走向“社会共保”具有重要现实意义。方法 文章利用云南、湖南、湖北和浙江4省1 132份农户的调查数据，运用普通最小二乘法和中介效应模型，考察合作社对农户“一家两制”行为的影响及作用机制。结果 （1）参加合作社能减少农户“一家两制”行为，相比于参加销售合作社与非示范社，参加生产合作社、综合型合作社与示范社对农户“一家两制”行为的减少效应更显著。（2）机制检验表明，合作社通过提高家庭收入、绿色生产意愿和农技水平进而减少农户“一家两制”行为。（3）合作社对小农户“一家两制”行为的减少效应更明显，而对规模农户的作用不够显著。结论 要大力支持农村地区各类合作社的发展，发挥合作社在农户绿色生产意愿和绿色生产能力方面的提升作用；重视合作社在减少农户差异化生产方面产生的积极影响，鼓励小农户积极参与合作社，使合作社真正成为保障食品安全和提振消费信心的重要抓手。

Abstract:

The personal self-insurance behavior of peasant households' "two systems in one family" further reduces the consumers' trust and consumer confidence in the safety of agricultural products. Exploring the effect and influencing mechanism of participating in the peasant households' "two systems in one family" behavior by the cooperatives is of important practical significance for promoting the supply system of agricultural products from " personal self-insurance" to "social co-insurance". Based on the survey data of 1 132 peasant households in Yunnan, Hunan, Hubei and Zhejiang, this research investigated the influence and mechanism of action of peasant households' "two systems in one family" behavior by the cooperatives by using the ordinary least square method and intermediary effect model. The results found that: (1) The participation in cooperatives could reduce the peasant households' "two systems in one family" behavior. Compared with participation in marketing cooperatives and non-model cooperatives, participating in production cooperatives, comprehensive cooperatives and model cooperatives had a more significant reduction effect on the peasant households' "two systems in one family" behavior. (2) The mechanism test showed that cooperatives reduced the peasant households' "two systems in one family" behavior by improving the family income, green production intention and agricultural technology level. (3) The mitigating effect of cooperatives on farmers' “Two Systems in One Family” behavior is more pronounced among smallholder farmers, while the effect on large-scale farmers is not statistically significant. Therefore, it's necessary to strongly support the development of various cooperatives in rural areas, giving play to the role of cooperatives in improving peasant households' green production willingness and green production capacity, attaching importance to the positive impact of cooperatives in reducing peasant households' differentiated production. encouraging small peasant households to actively participate in cooperatives and make cooperatives truly an important effective means for ensuring food safety and boosting consumer confidence.