肥水协同增效驱动作物单产提升机制解析与实现路径

MECHANISM ANALYSIS AND IMPLEMENTATION PATHWAYS FOR INCREASING CROP YIELD DRIVEN BY THE FERTILIZER-WATER SYNERGY

关键词:  肥水协同增效  大面积单产提升  科学施肥  节水农业  耕地质量

Key words:  synergy between fertilizer and water  large-scale yield increase  scientific fertilization  water-saving agriculture  cultivated land quality

摘要:

目的 我国是个人口众多的大国，解决好吃饭问题始终是治国理政的头等大事。肥和水是农业重要的资源和投入品，在国家启动新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动，实施粮油作物大面积单产提升工程背景下，系统分析肥水协同增效驱动作物单产提升的机制及实现路径，对保障国家粮食安全和推进农业绿色发展意义重大。方法 文章立足理论研究和生产实践，总结肥水协同增效理论依据，分析我国近年来肥水协同增效推进单产提升的典型案例。结果 肥料和水在农业生产中相互依存、相互作用、相互制约，以肥水为核心、土肥水协同增效支撑粮食高产在不少区域得到实践验证。但实现大面积均衡增产，仍面临诸多挑战，技术碎片化、单一化、无序化等现象不同程度存在；需要树立系统观念，突破单一因素决定论，向多因素综合协同转变。结论 新形势下，推进粮油作物大面积单产提升，要统筹科学施肥、水分调控和培肥地力三者关系，因地制宜集成创新绿色增产综合技术模式，深入推进肥水协同增效，实现肥水资源供给与作物生长精准匹配，支撑大面积单产提升。

Abstract:

As the world’s most populous nation, China prioritizes food security as a governance imperative. Fertilizer and water constitute crucial resources and agricultural inputs. Aligned with national goals to increase grain production capacity by over 50 million tones, and implement large-scale yield improvement programs for grain and oil crops, analyzing fertilizer-water synergy is essential for safeguarding food security and advancing sustainable agriculture. Integrating theoretical research and practical evidence, this study synthesized the scientific basis of fertilizer-water interactions and evaluated recent high-impact yield increase cases across China. The results were listed as follows. Fertilizer and water showed interdependence, interaction, and mutual constraints in agricultural systems. While integrated soil-fertilizer-water management had driven high yields in multiple regions, fragmented approaches, isolated interventions, and uncoordinated implementation persist as yield-limiting challenges. Adopting systems thinking—transcending single-factor determinism toward multifactor synergy—was imperative. To achieve large-scale yield increases under evolving agricultural demands, it should holistically coordinate scientific fertilization, precision water management, and soil fertility enhancement. Regionally adapted, integrated technology models that optimize fertilizer-water synergy are vital, and this ensures precise alignment of crop resource requirements with supply, thereby enabling sustainable yield growth at scale.