基于GIS的明光市土壤农业利用适宜性评价

GIS-BASED EVALUATION SOIL SUITABILITY FOR AGRICULTURAL UTILIZATION IN MINGGUANG CITY

关键词:  适宜性评价  GIS  耕地后备资源  空间自相关  土壤资源

Key words:  suitability assessment  GIS  arable land reserve resources  spatial autocorrelation  soil resource

摘要:

目的 为确定土地利用状况和质量，合理利用和保护土壤，严守耕地红线，确保国家粮食安全，有必要开展土壤农业利用适宜性评价。方法 文章以明光市土壤图、行政区划图叠加，去除非土壤区域，得到反映土壤特性的评价单元，综合地形条件、土壤质量等多种自然环境因素，基于GIS技术整合多源数据，运用层次分析法构建指标体系开展土壤农业利用适宜性评价，使用地统计方法和Moran's I指数法研究各类农用地及评价指标的空间关系，挖掘耕地后备资源。结果 研究表明，明光市适宜耕地、园地、林地、草地面积占比各异，空间分布特征明显。适宜耕地中勉强适宜面积占比最大，高度适宜最小，高度、中度适宜区集中在北部平原，勉强适宜区分布不均。明光市有8个土类，其中水稻土等4类土壤多为适宜耕地。土地利用现状中园地、林地、草地和其他土地中的适宜耕地区可作为明光市主要耕地后备资源，通过土地整治可有效补充耕地。结论 基于GIS的土壤农业利用适宜性评价深入了解土壤资源的利用情况，对土壤资源和耕作区的未来潜力进行管理与应用，提供了科学的参考。

Abstract:

In order to determine the status and quality of land use, rationally utilize and protect soil, strictly abide by the red line of arable land and ensure national food security, it is necessary to carry out an evaluation of the suitability of soil for agricultural use. Taking the soil map of Mingguang city and the administrative district map as an overlay, this research removed the non-soil areas, and obtained the evaluation unit reflecting the soil characteristics, then synthesized the topographic conditions, soil quality and other natural environmental factors, and integrated the multi-source data based on the GIS technology, applied the hierarchical analysis method to construct an index system to carry out an evaluation of the soil's suitability for agricultural utilization, finally it studied the spatial relationship between various types of agricultural land and the evaluation indexes by using the geostatistical method and the Moran's I index method and explored the reserve resources of farmland. The results were showed as follows. (1) 69.81% of Mingguang city was suitable for cultivation, mainly distributed in the northern plains, 6.69% was suitable for parks, mainly distributed in the south-central highland areas, 21.57% was suitable for forests, mainly distributed in the southern low-mountain areas, and 1.92% was suitable for grasses, mainly distributed around the Yuelong Lake. (2) The highly and moderately suitable areas of each suitable category were mainly distributed in the northern part of the study area, while the moderately suitable and barely suitable areas were unevenly distributed in space, and most of the low-mountain areas in the southern part of the study area were barely suitable for cultivation as arable land. (3) The suitable arable land areas in garden land, forest land, grassland and other land in the land use status quo could be used as the main arable land reserve resources in Mingguang city to increase the arable land resources. In summary, GIS-based evaluation of soil suitability for agricultural use provides insight into the utilization of soil resources, and provides a scientific reference for the management and application of soil resources and the future potential of cropping areas.