新型村集体经济何以赋能二轮再延包：机制及试点实践

HOW THE NEW COLLECTIVE ECONOMY EMPOWER THE SECOND-ROUND OF EXTENDED CONTRACTING: MECHANISMS AND PILOT PRACTICES

关键词:  二轮再延包  新型集体经济  公平效率  试点探索  大稳定加小调整

Key words:  the second-round extension of rural land contracts  new village collective economy  fairness and efficiency  pilot exploration  basically stability and minor adjustment

摘要:

［目标］探索公平与效率的二轮再延包实施路径，对于稳定农地制度具有重大意义。方法 文章基于陕西省Y区、四川省Q县、河南省P县的试点分析，讨论新型村集体经济赋能二轮再延包的路径选择。结果 （1）单一实施二轮再延包政策可能会面临“农地调整供需不均衡”“农地细碎化难破解”以及“正式制度难应对多元矛盾”的挑战。（2）新型村集体经济通过“资源整合—资产经营—收益分配”过程，产生“经济收益”“就业岗位”和“村民信任”3种效应。（3）3试点地分别探索出“经济收益”实现“调利代替调地”“就业岗位”辅以“排轮等地”，“村民信任”解决“矛盾纠纷”的赋能路径，检验了“资源整合提升效率，以效率促公平”的赋能机制。结论 应充分重视新型村集体经济在二轮再延包中的作用，创新赋能新路径，并着力构建长效管理机制。

Abstract:

To explore the pathways for implementing a second-round extension of rural land contracts with an emphasis on balancing equity and efficiency, which holds significant importance for stabilizing the rural land system. Based on pilot analysis in Y district of Shaanxi province, Q county of Sichuan province, and P county of Henan province, this study discussed the pathway choices for empowering the second-round land contract extension through new forms of village collective economies. The results were showed as follows. (1) A singular approach to implementing the second-round land contract extension may face challenges such as "imbalances in the supply and demand of land adjustments" "difficulties in addressing land fragmentation" and "the formal system’s inability to handle diverse conflicts." (2) The new village collective economy, through the process of "resource integration-asset management-profit distribution," produced three effects: "economic returns" "employment opportunities" and "villager trust." (3) The three pilot areas explored empowerment pathways: "economic returns" enabled "adjusting interests instead of land," "employment opportunities" supported "rotational land sharing," and "villager trust" helped resolve "conflicts and disputes." And this testing verified the empowerment mechanism of enhancing efficiency through resource integration and promoting equity through efficiency. Therefore, it should fully attach importance to the role of new village collective economy in the second-round contract extension, with a focus on innovating new empowerment pathways and building sustainable management mechanisms.