新型农村集体经济赋能农民农村共同富裕的理论逻辑、现实困境与实践路径

THE THEORETICAL LOGIC, REALISTIC DILEMMA AND PRACTICAL PATH OF NEW RURAL COLLECTIVE ECONOMY ENABLING FARMERS AND RURAL AREA COMMON PROSPERITY

关键词:  新型农村集体经济  赋能  共同富裕  理论逻辑  现实困境  实践路径

Key words:  new rural collective economy  energize  common prosperity  theoretical logic  realistic difficulties  practical approach

摘要:

目的 党的二十大报告擘画了中国式现代化的宏伟目标，其重要特征之一就是全体人民共同富裕。实现共同富裕最艰巨最繁重的任务仍然在农村。党的二十届三中全会提出了全面深化改革的目标，在农村巩固和完善农村基本经营制度，发展壮大新型农村集体经济是农村改革的重要内容之一。探索发展壮大新型农村集体经济对实现农民农村共同富裕意义重大。理论上，发展壮大新型农村集体经济是实现农民农村共同富裕的有力支撑和重要途径；但实践中，存在着发展壮大新型农村集体经济促进共同富裕的若干制约与现实困境，只有破解这些困境，才能为农村集体经济高质量发展赋能农民农村共同富裕提供有力支撑。方法 文章运用理论研究、实证研究和逻辑推理等方法，基于浙江省、山东省和宁夏回族自治区3个省（区）20个县（区）40个案例村的实地调研，从联农带农视角对新型村级集体经济促进农民农村共同富裕的理论逻辑、现实困境和实践路径进行了研究，构建了理论逻辑—现实困境—实践路径的研究思路框架。结果 （1）新型农村集体经济发展从提高农村集体经济积累与农村公共服务水平；带动村民就业，提高农民收入；提高乡村治理水平；以及提高村民福祉等方面具有重要作用。（2）新型农村集体经济发展存在着如主体困境、治理困境、人才困境和观念意识困境等关键制约。（3）针对这些困境，提出了通过加强体制机制创新，加强主体培育、组织建设、乡村社会治理及集体主义观念意识培育等促进农村集体经济发展赋能农民农村共同富裕的实践路径。结论 新型农村集体经济发展对促进农民农村共同富裕，避免两极分化起到了不可替代作用。虽逻辑可行，但现实制约困境绕不过去，只有通过加强体制机制创新和深化改革，才能逐步破解这些困境，激发内生动力和资源活力，实现机制共创、组织共建、乡村共治和成果共享，促进新型农村集体经济高质量发展，赋能扎实迈向共同富裕。

Abstract:

The Report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China has drawn the grand goal of Chinese-style modernization, one of its important features is the common prosperity of all the people. To achieve it, the most arduous and onerous task remains in the countryside. The Third Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee put forward the goal of comprehensively deepening reform. In rural areas, it is necessary to consolidate and improve the basic rural management system and develop and expand the new rural collective economy. Exploring the development and expansion of the new rural collective economy is of great significance to the realization of common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. In theory, developing and expanding the new rural collective economy is an effective support and important way to achieve the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas, but in practice, there are constraints and realistic difficulties in developing and expanding the village-level collective economy to promote common prosperity. Only by solving these difficulties, can we provide realistic support for the high-quality development of rural collective economy to empower farmers and rural common prosperity. Based on the actual investigation of 40 case villages in 20 counties (districts) of Zhejiang province, Shandong province and Ningxia Hui autonomous region, the theoretical logic, practical dilemma and practical path of the new-type village-level collective economy to promote the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas were studied from the perspective of linking farmers with farmers. And the research frame of theoretical logic-realistic dilemma-practical path was constructed. The results were listed as follows. The development of new-type village collective economy played an important role in improving collective economic accumulation and public service level, promoting the employment of villagers and increasing the income of farmers and improving the level of rural governance, improving the well-being of villagers. However, there were also key constraints such as subject dilemma, organization dilemma, talent dilemma and concept dilemma. In view of these difficulties, it was proposed that through strengthening institutional innovation, implementing subject cultivation, organization construction, rural social governance, and collectivism concept cultivation to promote village collective economic development and enable common prosperity. In summary, the development of new rural collective economy plays an irreplaceable role in promoting the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas and avoiding polarization. Although the logic is feasible, but in reality, there are still a number of constraints and difficulties, only through continuous innovation and deepening reform, can gradually solve the difficulties, stimulate the internal impetus and resource vitality, achieve mechanism co-creation, organization co-construction, rural co-governance and sharing of results, promote the high-quality development of new village collective economy, and enable solid progress towards common prosperity.