城乡结合部乡村类型划分及发展路径——以安徽省肥东县为例

CLASSIFICATION AND DEVELOPMENT PATH OF RURAL TYPES IN URBAN-RURAL FRINGE AREAS——TAKING FEIDONG COUNTY IN ANHUI PROVINCE AS AN EXANPLE

关键词:  村庄分类  发展路径  兴趣点  Ward系统聚类  城乡结合部

Key words:  village classification  development path  interest points  ward system clustering  urban-rural fringe area

摘要:

目的 城乡结合部地区的村庄规划编制亟须一套高效的村庄分类方法，以协助支撑更快把握快速城镇化的影响效果，凸显村庄之间的差异梯度，并提出与之相匹配村庄类型划分方案及其发展路径。方法 文章以典型城乡结合部安徽省肥东县为例，基于政策引导及村庄现状提出一套“先分区、后分类”的分类剥离式村庄类型识别方法体系，借助POI数据和城镇开发边界对城镇发展区村庄进行识别，同时利用Ward系统聚类对乡村连片区的村庄开展具体类型划分，最后结合村庄分类结果提出相应的发展路径。结果 （1）针对城镇发展区的POI分布主要集中于县城城区、店埠镇、撮镇镇3个社会经济活动中心区，在空间布局上表征为从中心向外围逐级扩大的圈层结构。（2）通过对乡村连片地区进行指标评价分析后得出，I类区涉及村庄84个，Ⅱ类区涉及村庄24个和Ⅲ类区涉及村庄125个。基于乡村振兴潜力评价结果和系统聚类将村庄划分为城郊融合型（87个）、特色保护型（15个）、集聚提升型（108个）和搬迁撤并类（125个）4类。（3）结合分类结果提出差异化发展路径，同时在未来发展引导上从分类、整治及生态3个维度构建出新的优化方案。结论 在结合国土空间规划背景与尊重村庄差异性的原则下，基于上述结果提出了不同类型村庄的发展路径，以期为乡村振兴战略实施、和美乡村建设和提升人居环境等方面提供思路和方法指导。

Abstract:

There is an urgent need for an efficient village classification method for the preparation of village planning in the urban-rural area, so as to help support a faster grasp of the impact effect of rapid urbanization, highlight the difference gradient between villages, and propose a matching village type division scheme and its development path. Taking Feidong county, Anhui province, a typical urban-rural junction, as an example, based on the policy guidance and the current situation of villages, a set of classification and stripping village type identification method system of "zoning first, then classification" was proposed, and the villages in the urban development area were identified with the help of POI data and urban development boundary, and the specific type classification of villages in rural contiguous areas was carried out by using Ward system clustering, and finally the corresponding development path was proposed based on the results of village classification. The results were listed as follows. (1) The distribution of POI in urban development areas was mainly concentrated in the three central areas of social and economic activities: county, Dianbu and Puzhen, and the spatial layout was characterized by a circle structure that expanded from the center to the periphery. (2) Through the index evaluation and analysis of rural contiguous areas, it was concluded that there were 84 villages in Class I area, 24 villages in Class Ⅱ area, and 125 villages in Class Ⅲ area. (3) Based on the evaluation results of rural revitalization potential and systematic clustering, the villages were divided into four categories: suburban integration type (87), characteristic protection type (15), agglomeration and upgrading type (108), and relocation and annexation type (125). (4) Combined with the classification results, a differentiated development path was proposed, and a new optimization scheme was constructed from the three dimensions of classification, remediation and ecology in the future development guidance. In summary, based on the background of territorial spatial planning and the principle of respecting the differences of villages, the development paths of different types of villages are proposed, in order to provide ideas and methods for the implementation of rural revitalization strategy, the construction of Hemei countryside and the improvement of human settlements.