高标准农田建设政策对粮食生产安全的影响研究

THE IMPACT OF HIGH-STANDARD FARMLAND CONSTRUCTION POLICY ON FOOD PRODUCTION SECURITY

关键词:  高标准农田建设政策  粮食生产安全  农地经营规模  机械化水平  连续型双重差分

Key words:  high-standard farmland construction policy  food production security  operational scale  mechanization level  continuous difference in difference model

摘要:

目的 基于2003—2021年中国31个省（市、区，不含港澳台）的面板数据，探讨高标准农田建设政策实施对粮食生产安全的影响，以期为保障国家粮食安全、促进农业现代化提供理论依据和实践指导。方法 文章从粮食生产的数量安全、质量安全、结构安全和生态安全四方面构建指标体系，采用熵权法确定各类指标权重，得出各省的粮食生产安全水平指数，并以高标准农田建设政策实施为一项准自然实验，运用连续型双重差分模型探讨政策实施对粮食生产安全的影响效应及作用机制。结果 （1）高标准农田建设政策实施对提升粮食生产安全具有显著正向作用，经过替换解释变量、剔除样本等一系列稳健性检验后，结论依然成立。（2）机制分析表明，该政策能够通过增加农地经营规模和提高农业机械化水平来间接促进粮食生产安全。（3）异质性分析发现，高标准农田建设政策对低地形起伏区、粮食主产区和低经济发展水平省份的粮食生产安全具有更显著的提升效果。结论 地方政府应抓住政策实施窗口期，充分考虑区域差异，优化高标准农田的空间布局，因地制宜实现农田建设与农业生产经营体系的紧密适配，不断增强粮食综合生产能力，全方位夯实粮食安全根基。

Abstract:

Based on the panel data of 31 provinces (municipalities, autonomous excluding Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan) in China from 2003 to 2021, this study explores the impact of the implementation of high-standard farmland construction policy on the security of food production, and provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for guaranteeing national food security and promoting the development of agricultural modernization. This research constructed an indicator system from four aspects of food production, including quantitative, qualitative, structural and ecological security, used entropy weighting method to determine the weights of various types of indicators to derive the index of the level of food production security, and took the implementation of the policy of high-standard farmland construction as a quasi-natural experiment, then utilized continuous double-difference modeling to explore the impact effect and mechanism of the implementation of the policy on the security of food production. The findings of the study were listed as follows. (1) The implementation of high-standard farmland construction policy had a significant positive effect on enhancing food production security, but the impact effect was persistent, and the impact was gradually stabilized after the implementation of the policy. (2) Mechanism analysis showed that the high-standard farmland construction policy indirectly promoted food production security by increasing the scale of farmland operations and upgrading the level of mechanized inputs. (3) Heterogeneity analysis found that the policy of constructing high-standard farmland had a more significant effect on improving food production security in low topographic relief areas, major grain producing areas and provinces with low levels of economic development. Hence, it is recommended that local governments actively explore regional compensation mechanisms and optimize the spatial distribution of farmland construction in the process of implementing high-standard farmland construction. At the same time, the government should seize the window of policy implementation, fully consider regional differences, optimize the spatial layout of high-standard farmland, and realize the close adaptation of farmland construction and agricultural production and management systems according to local conditions, so as to continuously enhance the comprehensive production capacity of food and strengthen the foundation of food security in an all-round way.