中国小麦种植效率分解及其收敛性分析

DECOMPOSITION AND CONVERGENCE ANALYSIS OF WHEAT PLANTING EFFICIENCY IN CHINA

关键词:  小麦种植  效率分解  收敛性  超效率SBM模型  全要素生产率

Key words:  wheat cultivation  efficiency decomposition  astringency  super efficient SBM model  total factor productivity

摘要:

目的 中国小麦主产区种植效率存在明显空间差异，剖析小麦种植效率及其收敛性特征，旨在全面提升中国小麦种植效率，保障国家粮食安全。方法 文章综合运用超效率模型（Slack-Based Measure，SBM）、Globe-Malmquist-Luenberger（GML）指数模型以及多种收敛性检验方法，分别测度全部产区及其分产区的小麦种植效率，全面揭示了2004—2023年我国小麦种植效率的静态与动态特征及其区域差异。结果 （1）2004—2023年小麦主产区的综合技术效率增长37%，其中纯技术效率增长贡献了主要部分，且第一产区的综合技术效率显著高于第二和第三产区；（2）小麦主产区的全要素生产率（TFP）在研究期内呈现波动上升趋势，技术进步（GTC）和技术效率（GEC）的协同作用推动了生产效率的提升。（3）小麦主产区种植效率存在σ收敛趋势，其中第一产区σ收敛趋势最为明显；而绝对β收敛和条件β收敛检验表明，小麦主产区既存在效率低值区追赶效率高值区的“追赶效应”，同时也因不同产区最终收敛于自身稳态，存在俱乐部收敛。结论 需要根据不同产区小麦种植的基础条件和比较优势，因地制宜发展农业新质生产力，不断提升小麦种植效率。

Abstract:

There are significant spatial differences in the planting efficiency of major wheat producing areas in China. Analyzing the efficiency and convergence characteristics of wheat planting can help comprehensively improve the efficiency of wheat planting in China and ensure national food security. This research comprehensively used super efficiency SBM model, Globe Malmquist Luenberger index model, and various convergence testing methods to measure the wheat planting efficiency of all production areas and their sub production areas, comprehensively revealing the static and dynamic characteristics of wheat planting efficiency in China from 2004 to 2023 and regional differences. The results were listed as follows. (1) From 2004 to 2023, the comprehensive technical efficiency of wheat producing areas increased by 37%, with the growth of pure technical efficiency contributing the main part. The comprehensive technical efficiency of the first production area was significantly higher than that of the second and third production areas; (2) The total factor productivity (TFP) of wheat producing areas showed a fluctuating upward trend during the study period, and the synergistic effect of technological progress (GTC) and technological efficiency (GEC) promoted the improvement of production efficiency. (3) The planting efficiency in the main wheat producing areas showed a trend of σ convergence, with the first production area showing the most obvious trend of σ convergence; and the absolute β convergence and conditional β convergence tests indicated that the main wheat producing areas had a "catch-up effect" of low efficiency areas catching up with high efficiency areas, and there was club convergence because different production areas eventually converge to their own steady state. Therefore, it is necessary to develop agricultural new quality productivity according to the basic conditions and comparative advantages of wheat planting in different production areas, and continuously improve wheat planting efficiency.