农业数字化、数据要素配置与中国农业绿色全要素生产率——基于数据价值链视角

AGRICULTURAL DIGITALIZATION, ALLOCATION OF DATA ELEMENTS AND GREEN TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURE IN CHINAFROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF THE DATA VALUE CHAIN

关键词:  农业数字化  数据要素配置  农业绿色全要素生产率  农业全产业链  数字农业

Key words:  agricultural digitalization  allocation of data elements  green total factor productivity of agriculture  agricultural industry chain  digital agriculture

摘要:

目的 农业领域的数字化进程正在加速农村各产业间的融合与协同，为要素的跨域融通和农业经济结构转型带来了新机遇。方法 文章基于“源头采集—加工流通—场景赋能—创新反哺”的农业数据价值链条，从数据要素流动重构农业全产业链价值创造机制这一视角出发，并利用2008—2022年省际面板数据，实证检验农业数字化对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响机制。结果 （1）农业数字化的发展能够显著提升农业绿色全要素生产率，且该结论经多轮稳健性检验后仍然成立；数据要素配置在农业数字化对农业绿色全要素生产率的影响中起到部分中介作用。（2）较高的人力资本和产业协同集聚能够强化农业数字化对数据要素配置的正向效应，进而促进农业绿色全要素生产率的增长。（3）在城乡融合发展程度较高、绿色创新体系相对完善的区域以及农业碳排放强度较低的地区，农业数字化通过推动数据要素配置来提高农业绿色全要素生产率的作用更为明显。结论 农业数字化不仅直接提升农业绿色全要素生产率，还通过优化数据要素配置产生间接促进作用。

Abstract:

The digitalization of agriculture is accelerating the integration and collaboration among rural industries, and offering new opportunities for cross-domain resource flow and agricultural economic structure transformation. This study aims to systematically analyze the internal mechanism and implementation path through which agricultural digitalization drives the improvement of agricultural green total factor productivity. Based on the agricultural data value chain of "data collection-processing and distribution-scenario empowerment-innovation feedback", the study utilized panel data from 30 provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government, excluding Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and Xizang of China) in China from 2008 to 2022 to examine the impact of agricultural digitalization on green total factor productivity in agriculture. The study showed that: (1) The development of agricultural digitalization significantly enhanced agricultural green total factor productivity, a conclusion that remained valid after multiple sets of robustness tests; and data factor allocation played a partial mediating role in the impact of agricultural digitalization on agricultural green total factor productivity. (2) Higher levels of human capital and industrial co-agglomeration strengthened the positive effect of agricultural digitalization on data factor allocation, thereby promoting the growth of agricultural green total factor productivity. (3) In regions with higher levels of urban-rural integration, relatively well-established green innovation systems, and lower agricultural carbon emission intensity, the role of agricultural digitalization in improving agricultural green total factor productivity through data factor allocation was more pronounced. Therefore, agricultural digitalization not only directly enhances agricultural green total factor productivity but also indirectly promotes it by optimizing the allocation of data factors.