广东省农业全要素生产率测算、结构分解及影响因素分析

AGRICULTURAL TOTAL FACTOR PRODUCTIVITY IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE: CALCULATION, STRUCTURAL DECOMPOSITION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS

关键词:  农业  全要素生产率  结构分解  效率  随机前沿分析

Key words:  agriculture  total factor productivity(TFP)  structural decomposition  efficiency  stochastic frontier analysis (SFA)

摘要:

目的 通过测算广东省农业全要素生产率的数值，并分析其结构特征和影响因素，为广东省相关部门调整农业政策、推动农业高质量发展提供依据。方法 文章利用2013—2022年广东省各地市面板数据，基于随机前沿分析方法，运用超越对数生产函数模型，测算了广东省各地市的农业全要素生产率，并对其进行了结构分解和影响因素分析。结果 （1）广东省农业全要素生产率呈现出明显的“西高东低”特性，粤西地区最高，粤东地区最低，粤北和珠三角地区居中。（2）广东省农业全要素生产率变化的主要驱动力是技术效率的变化，其次是技术进步变化，规模效率变化和配置效率变化的影响较小。（3）就单一要素而言，资本要素投入是影响广东省农业产出增长的主要源泉，劳动要素的影响力次之，土地要素投入的影响较小。（4）就要素组合而言，土地和资本、土地和劳动、资本和劳动的要素组合投入均会促进农业产出增长，资源配置效率的改善能够提升农业产出。结论 （1）提高广东省农业全要素生产率的核心点在于提高农业技术效率，同时注重引进先进农业技术和加强资源配置效率，推动广东省农业高质量发展要制定差异化发展策略。（2）对于粤西地区的湛江、茂名、云浮和阳江等地，要更加重视农业技术效率的提升，通过优化要素投入结构和加强管理来提高投入产出效率；对于珠三角地区的广州、深圳、东莞、佛山、珠海、惠州、中山和肇庆等地，要加大对先进农业技术的投资，通过有针对性的投资带动农业技术进步；对于粤东地区而言，既要通过投资引入先进农业技术，也要加强管理来提高要素投入效率。

Abstract:

By measuring the total factor productivity of agriculture in Guangdong province and analyzing its structural characteristics and influencing factors, this study provides a basis for relevant departments in Guangdong province to adjust agricultural policies and promote high-quality agricultural development. Based on the panel data from various cities in Guangdong province from 2013 to 2022, this research used the stochastic frontier analysis method and the transcendental logarithmic production function model to calculate the total factor productivity of agriculture in various cities in Guangdong province, and it also conducted structural decomposition and analysis of influencing factors. The results showed that: (1) The total factor productivity of agriculture in Guangdong province exhibited a clear characteristic of "high in the west and low in the east", with the highest in western Guangdong, the lowest in eastern Guangdong, and the middle in northern Guangdong and the Pearl River Delta region; (2) The main driving force for changes in total factor productivity of agriculture in Guangdong province was changes in technical efficiency, followed by changes in technological progress, with the impact of changes in allocation efficiency and scale efficiency being relatively small; (3) In terms of a single factor, capital input was the main source affecting the growth of agricultural output in Guangdong province, followed by labor input, and the impact of land input was relatively small; (4) In terms of factor combinations, the input of factor combinations of land and capital, land and labor, and capital and labor would all promote the growth of agricultural output, and the improvement of resource allocation efficiency could enhance agricultural output. Therefore, the core point of improving the total factor productivity of agriculture in Guangdong province is to enhance the technology efficiency, while emphasizing the introduction of advanced agricultural technology and strengthening the resource allocation efficiency. To promote the high-quality development of agriculture in Guangdong province, differentiated development strategies should be formulated. For cities in western Guangdong, such as Zhanjiang, Maoming, Yunfu, and Yangjiang, more attention should be paid to improving agricultural technology efficiency. And by optimizing the input structure of factors and strengthening management, input-output efficiency can be improved. For cities in the Pearl River Delta region such as Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Dongguan, Foshan, Zhuhai, Huizhou, Zhongshan, and Zhaoqing, it is necessary to increase investment in advanced agricultural technologies and drive agricultural technological progress through targeted investments. For the eastern Guangdong region, it is essential to introduce advanced agricultural technologies through investment and strengthen management to improve factor input efficiency.