我国粮食主产区耕地资源特点、问题与保护利用对策

CHARACTERISTICS,CHALLENGES,AND PROTECTION-UTILIZATION STRATEGIES OF CULTIVATED LAND RESOURCES IN CHINA'S MAJOR GRAIN-PRODUCING AREAS

关键词:  粮食主产区  耕地保护  耕地利用  耕地撂荒  高标准农田  粮食安全

Key words:  major grain-producing areas  cultivated land protection, cultivated land utilization  cultivated land abandonment  high-standard farmland  food security

摘要:

目的 分析粮食主产区耕地资源特点及其保护利用存在的问题与面对压力，提出耕地资源保护与利用对策建议，为保障国家粮食安全献计献策。方法 文章基于粮食主产区省级耕地资源历年数据，采用趋势分析与综合评价方法分析耕地资源特点与问题；通过网络平台，收集相关信息，弥补第一手资料的不足。结果 （1）粮食主产区是我国耕地集中区，也是近年耕地增量的主要来源地；以无灌溉旱地为主，但区域差异显著；以平耕地为主，但仍有1/4的耕地为坡耕地；农田水利化水平较高，但仍有42%的耕地处于雨养状态；耕地质量相对较好，但总体质量偏低。（2）粮食主产区耕地资源保护与利用还存在一系列突出问题，包括仍有不少省区耕地面积明显减少、耕地面积重心向生态脆弱区迁移、经济地位下降、农田水利化与新建高标准农田难度越来越大、耕地后备资源不足与复耕难度大、普遍存在耕地撂荒现象。结论 面对问题，应采取综合之策，强化粮食主产区耕地资源保护与利用。

Abstract:

This research aims to analyze the characteristics and challenges of cultivated land resources, so as to propose strategies for the protection and utilization of cultivated land to contribute to safeguarding national food security. Based on provincial-level data of cultivated land resources in China's major grain-producing areas over the years, this study employed a comprehensive analytical approach to examine the characteristics and challenges of cultivated land resources, and collected relevant information through online platforms to compensate for the lack of first-hand data. The main findings were showed as follows. The major grain-producing areas concentrated most of China's cultivated land and had been the primary source of recent increases in cultivated land area. These areas were dominated by non-irrigated drylands, though with significant regional variations. Flat cultivated land was predominant, yet a quarter of the land consisted of sloped fields. While the level of agricultural irrigation was relatively high, 42% of the cultivated land still relied on rainfall. The quality of cultivated land was relatively better but remained generally low. The protection and utilization of cultivated land in major grain-producing areas still faced several prominent issues, including: A significant reductions in cultivated land area in many provinces; A shift in the spatial concentration of cultivated land toward ecologically fragile areas; A diminishing percentage of national GDP; Increasing difficulties in expanding irrigation infrastructure and establishing new high-standard farmland; Insufficient reserve land resources and challenges in re-cultivation and widespread farmland abandonment. To address these challenges, comprehensive measures should be implemented to strengthen the protection and sustainable utilization of cultivated land resources in major grain-producing areas.