粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿机制研究

INTER-PROVINCIAL HORIZONTAL BENEFIT COMPENSATION MECHANISM OF GRAIN-PRODUCING AND GRAIN-PURCHASING AREAS

关键词:  粮食  主产区  主销区  省际  利益补偿

Key words:  grain  major grain-producing  major grain-purchasing areas  inter-provincial  benefit compensation

摘要:

目的 构建粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿机制，对于做到“两个不吃亏”，提升“两个积极性”，实现主产区粮食稳产保供、主销区粮食安全、产销区协调发展及共同富裕具有重要意义。方法 文章通过文献研究分析法对产销区粮食生产、农民收入、财政收入、经济发展和产业结构等进行了比较。结果 （1）研究表明，主产区是我国粮食生产的核心区，成为确保国家粮食安全的“压舱石”。（2）主产区也面临着诸多困境：粮食生产发展与农民增收不同步、与财政收入增加不协同、与经济实力增强不同频、与产业结构优化不统一。（3）强化粮食产销区横向利益补偿具有历史必然性，是生产关系适应生产力发展规律在粮食生产中的直接体现、是确保国家粮食安全的内在要求、是建设农业强国的必然要求、是促进产销区区域协调发展的必然选择。结论 建议应进一步浓缩粮食主产区、有效甄别补偿对象、精准确定补偿依据、动态调整补偿标准、创新补偿方式、拓展补偿资金来源、明确补偿目标、加强补偿效果评价等，加快构建粮食产销区横向利益补偿机制。

Abstract:

Constructing the horizontal benefit compensation mechanism of grain-producing and grain-purchasing areas is of great significance for making farmers and governments in major grain-producing areas to get what is desired, which will enhance significantly the enthusiasm of farmers and governments in major grain-producing areas, achieving grain stable production and supply in major grain-producing area, ensuring food security in major grain-purchasing areas, promoting coordinated development and common prosperity in grain-producing and grain-purchasing areas. Based on the perspective of literature review, this research analyzed grain production, farmers' income, fiscal revenue, economic development, industrial structure in grain-producing and grain-purchasing areas. The results showed that the major grain-producing areas were cores area of grain production, having become the important foundation for ensuring national food security. However, the major grain-producing areas were facing many difficulties: grain output growth without peasants increasing income, grain output growth without revenue increasing, grain output growth without the growth of economy, grain output growth without the industrial structure optimization. Strengthening horizontal benefit compensation for grain-producing and grain-purchasing areas was a historical inevitability, which was the direct embodiment of the development law for production relations adapting productivity in grain production and the inherent requirement to ensure national food security and the inevitable requirement for building an agricultural powerhouse and the inevitable choice to promote the coordinated development of grain-producing and grain-purchasing areas. Therefore, it should further adjust the scope of major grain-producing areas, effectively discriminating compensation objects, accurately determining the compensation basis, dynamically adjusting compensation standards, innovating compensation methods, expanding compensation funding sources, clarifying compensation targets, strengthening compensation effectiveness evaluation, in order to accelerate the construction of the horizontal benefit compensation mechanism of grain-producing and grain-purchasing areas.