规模化农业社会化服务的粮食增产效应研究——以黑龙江农垦为例

RESEARCH ON THE GRAIN PRODUCTION INCREASE EFFECT OF LARGE SCALE AGRICULTURAL SOCIALIZED SERVICES：EVIDENCE FROM HEILONGJIANG AGRICULTURAL RECLAMATION

关键词:  规模化  农业社会化服务  粮食增产  土地生产效率  黑龙江农垦

Key words:  large scale  agricultural socialized services  increase grain production  land production efficiency  Heilongjiang agricultural reclamation

摘要:

目的 切实推进中国式现代化农业建设是实现中国式现代化的重要环节，而保障国家粮食安全、端牢中国饭碗将是建设中国式现代化农业强国的题中之义。以北大荒集团农业社会化服务这一农业发展创新模式为研究对象，评估北大荒集团农业社会化服务对黑龙江农垦粮食产量的促进效应，为推动粮食稳产稳增寻找新的有效动力源泉。方法 文章以2010—2022年北大荒集团9家分公司面板数据为研究样本，利用熵值评价法测度了黑龙江农垦的农业社会化服务水平，并以此实证检验了农业社会化服务对黑龙江垦区粮食产量的影响及作用机制。结果 北大荒集团对内的农业社会化服务能够显著提高粮食生产的土地生产效率，具有显著的粮食增产效应和收入增长效应，并且结果通过了多项稳健性检验。具体而言，农业社会化服务能通过强化农业专业化分工深度以及市场范围广度，发挥节本增效功能，提升专业化净收益，并最终实现粮食增产和收入增长的有效统一。结论 该研究为国有企业规模化农业社会化服务增产增收效应提供了新证据，在实践上为构建现代化农业产业体系、迈步现代化大农业生产提供了决策参考。

Abstract:

To effectively promote the construction of Chinese modern agriculture is a vital section to realize Chinese modernization, and to ensure national food security and be self-reliant in securing China's own food supply will be the key to building a Chinese path to modernization agricultural power. Taking the agricultural socialization service model of Beidahuang Group as the research object, the promotion effect of Beidahuang Group's agricultural socialization service on the grain yield of Heilongjiang agricultural reclamation is evaluated, so as to find new effective sources of power to promote stable and steady grain production. Taking the panel data from 9 branches of Beidahuang Group from 2010 to 2022 as the research sample, the level of agricultural socialized services in Heilongjiang Reclamation was measured by the entropy weight evaluation method, and the impact and mechanism of agricultural socialized services on grain yield in Heilongjiang Reclamation was empirically tested. The results reveal that the internal agricultural socialized services provided by the Beidahuang Group significantly enhance land productivity in grain production, have notable effects on grain output increase and income growth, which have passed multiple robustness checks. Specifically, agricultural socialized services contribute to cost reduction and efficiency enhancement by deepening agricultural specialization and expanding the market scope, elevate the specialized net returns, and finally achieve an effective unification of grain ouput increase and income growth. New evidence for the effect of increasing production and income of large-scale agricultural socialized service of state-owned enterprises is provided, and decision-making references for building a modern agricultural industrial system and advancing modern large-scale agricultural production in practice is proposed too.