因地制宜发展新质生产力赋能黄土高原旱作农业高质量发展的价值意蕴与动力机制

THE VALUE IMPLICATION AND DYNAMIC MECHANISM OF DEVELOPING NEW PRODUCTIVITY ACCORDING TO LOCAL CONDITIONS TO ENABLE THE HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF DRYLAND AGRICULTURE IN THE LOESS PLATEAU

关键词:  黄土高原  因地制宜  新质生产力  旱作农业高质量发展  价值意蕴  动力机制

Key words:  Loess Plateau  local adaptation  new quality productive forces  high-quality development of dryland agriculture  value connotation  dynamic mechanisms

摘要:

目的 黄土高原作为典型的旱作农业区，面临水资源短缺、土壤肥力低下、生态环境脆弱以及农技推广绩效内卷化等发展难题，以科技化、数字化和绿色化为特性的新质生产力是破解其发展瓶颈的关键所在，如何因地制宜发展新质生产力赋能黄土高原旱作农业高质量发展意义重大。方法 文章提出“价值意蕴—动力机制—实现路径”的理论框架，识别黄土高原旱作农业发展中的新质要素，构建科学的动力机制，探究切实可行的实现路径。结果 （1）从价值意蕴看，旱作技术精进、农民科技素养提升、农业生产资源扩展等为黄土高原因地制宜发展新质生产力提供了新质要素支撑；（2）从动力机制看，基于科技创新与智慧农业共振下先行探索的技术驱动机制、推广方式与农民采纳意愿有效对接的农技推广机制、数字要素与现代农业生产协同耦合的数字嵌入机制以及绿色农技与生态农业引领下实现全面跃升的生态富民机制共同构成四维动力机制体系；（3）从实现路径看，应围绕关键技术创新与场景应用相结合、国家制度优势嵌入农技推广环节、数字赋能与绿色发展相融合以及优化“三生”空间布局，因地制宜发展新质生产力，助力当地旱作农业高质量发展。结论 黄土高原旱作农业面临生态挑战及资源限制，必须走因地制宜发展新质生产力的农业发展道路。通过充分考量当地自然条件、资源限制与农技推广应用基础，进一步识别农业新质要素，构建动力机制，提出具体的实现路径，有助于破解当地旱作发展难题，高效赋能高质量发展。

Abstract:

As a typical dryland agriculture region, the Loess Plateau faces development challenges including water scarcity, low soil fertility, fragile ecosystems, and involution of agricultural technology extension performance. The new quality productive forces characterized by technological advancement, digital transformation, and green development hold the key to overcoming these bottlenecks. Understanding how to develop context-specific new quality productive forces to empower high-quality development of dryland agriculture in the Loess Plateau bears significant implications. This study proposed a theoretical framework of "value connotation - dynamic mechanisms - implementation pathways" to identify emerging quality elements in Loess Plateau dryland agriculture, establish scientific dynamic mechanisms, and explore practical implementation strategies. The results were listed as follow. (1) From the perspective of value connotation, advancements in dryland farming techniques, enhanced technological literacy among farmers, and expanded agricultural production resources provided foundational support for developing localized new quality productive forces. (2) From the perspective of dynamic mechanisms, the technology drive mechanism based on pioneering exploration under the resonance of scientific innovation and smart agriculture, the agricultural technology extension mechanism realized through effective alignment between promotion methods and farmers' adoption willingness, the digital embedding mechanism achieved by synergistic coupling of digital elements with modern agricultural production, and the ecological prosperity mechanism elevated to comprehensive advancement under the guidance of green agricultural technologies and eco-agriculture, collectively constituted a four-dimensional dynamic mechanism system. (3) From the implementation pathway perspective, it should focus on integrating core technological innovation with scenario applications, embedding national institutional advantages into agricultural technology extension systems, converging digital empowerment with green development, and optimizing the "production-living-ecological" spatial layout, to develop new quality productive forces through location-adapted strategies, thus empowering high-quality development of local dryland agriculture. In summary, confronted with ecological and resource constraints, the Loess Plateau should adopt a development path emphasizing localized new quality productive forces. By fully considering local natural conditions, resource limitations, and technology extension foundations, while systematically identifying agricultural quality elements, constructing dynamic mechanisms, and proposing targeted implementation strategies, this approach effectively addresses dryland agricultural challenges and drives sustainable high-quality development.