“绿肥+”稻米产业化路径与实践——以子路镇问津种养殖专业合作社为例

"GREEN MANURE PLUS" RICE INDUSTRY PATH AND EFFECTS——TAKING THE WENJIN PLANTING AND BREEDING PROFESSIONAL COOPERATIVE IN ZILU TOWN AS AN EXAMPLE

关键词:  “绿肥+”产业  绿肥—水稻轮作  经济效益  生态价值  乡村振兴

Key words:  "Green Manure Plus" industry  green manure-rice rotation  economic benefits  ecosystem value  rural revitalization

摘要:

目的 以绿肥技术为基础的“绿肥+”稻米产业是培育健康土壤、生产优质稻米，探索“绿肥+”产业机制的重要实践。探讨适度规模的“绿肥+”产业模式的经济效益及生态价值，为可持续、绿色稻米生产提供借鉴。方法 文章以河南省罗山县子路镇问津种养殖专业合作社（问津合作社）为例，分析2019—2023年问津合作社的成本收益、土壤肥力，评估其稻田系统的生态价值。结果 问津合作社以绿肥—水稻制度为基础，构建“绿肥+”优质稻米产业技术模式，打造“津祥瑞”品牌紫云英大米，初步实现了“绿肥+”优质稻米产业化。与周边农户的冬闲—水稻种植模式比较，水稻平均增产6.5%，“绿肥+”大米比周边农户大米溢价2.0元/kg，绿肥—水稻、紫云英留种—水稻模式下的周年平均综合收益分别为2.79万和3.82万元/hm²。相比周边农户的冬闲、小麦、油菜与水稻轮作模式，问津合作社的绿肥—水稻模式周年综合收益分别提高1.46万、0.99万和1.15万元/hm²。通过种植利用绿肥，明显改善了稻田土壤养分和物理性状，增加了稻田系统的生态服务功能，其绿肥—水稻系统调节服务类生态价值为4.26万元/hm²，比周边农户的冬闲—水稻系统提高1.09万元/hm²。结论 问津合作社通过发展“绿肥+”稻米产业，实现了健康土壤培育、优质稻米生产的协调发展，取得了良好的经济和社会、生态效益，为稻区新型经营主体的发展提供了有效参考。未来，还需要进一步运用市场手段实现“绿肥+”稻米优质优价，加强技术优化、宣传培训和示范带动，提升“绿肥+”稻米产业对乡村振兴的贡献度。

Abstract:

The "Green Manure Plus" rice industry, based on green manure technology, is an important practice for cultivating healthy soil, producing high-quality rice, and the important practice for exploring the "Green Manure Plus" industry mechanism. This study evaluated the economic benefits and ecosystem value of a moderately scaled "Green Manure Plus" industry model, providing a reference for sustainable and green rice production. Taking the Wenjin Planting and Breeding Professional Cooperative in Zilu town, Luoshan county, Henan province (Wenjin Cooperative) as an example, this research analyzed the planting patterns, cost-benefit, and soil fertility of the Wenjin Cooperative from 2019 to 2023, and assessed the ecological value of green manure-rice rotation system. The results were showed as follows. Based on the green manure-rice system, Wenjin Cooperative constructed a "Green Manure Plus" high-quality rice industry technology model, created the "Jinxiangrui" brand milk vetch rice, and preliminarily achieved the industrialization of "Green Manure Plus" high-quality rice. Compared with the winter fallow-rice planting model of surrounding farmers, the average rice yield increased by 6.5%, and the "Green Manure Plus" rice was priced 2.0 yuan/kg higher than the rice of surrounding farmers. The annual average comprehensive benefits of the green manure-rice, milk vetch seed retention-rice models were 27 900 and 38 200 yuan/hm², respectively. Compared with the winter fallow-rice, wheat-rice, rapeseed-rice rotation models of surrounding farmers, the annual comprehensive benefits of Wenjin Cooperative's green manure-rice model increased by 14 600, 9 900, and 11 500 yuan/hm², respectively. Wenjin Cooperative significantly improved the soil nutrients and physical properties of the paddy fields and increased the ecosystem service values of the paddy field system through the planting and utilization of green manure. The regulatory service of the ecosystem value of its green manure-rice system was 42 600 yuan/hm², an increase of 10 900 yuan/hm² compared to the winter fallow-rice system of surrounding farmers. In summary, Wenjin Cooperative achieves coordinated development of healthy soil cultivation and high-quality rice production through the development of the "Green Manure Plus" rice industry, achieving good economic, social, and ecological benefits, providing an effective reference for the development of new business. In the future, it is necessary to further use market means to achieve high-quality and high-price for "Green Manure Plus" rice, strengthen technical optimization, publicity training, and demonstration, and enhance the contribution of the "Green Manure Plus" rice industry to contribute rural revitalization.