黄河三角洲农业绿色水资源效率研究——基于非期望产出的超效率SBM-Malmquist模型

THE EFFICIENCY OF AGRICULTURAL GREEN WATER RESOURCES IN THE YELLOW RIVER DELTA——BASED ON THE SUPER-EFFICIENCY SBM-MALMQUIST MODEL WITH UNDESIRABLE OUTPUTS

关键词:  绿色水资源效率  超效率SBM  非期望产出  Malmquist指数  黄河三角洲

Key words:  green water efficiency  super-efficiency SBM  non-expected output  Malmquist index  the Yellow River Delta

摘要:

目的 提高农业绿色水资源效率是缓解中国水资源供需矛盾、促进经济绿色可持续发展的重要路径。方法 文章以黄河三角洲高效生态经济区为研究区域，选取2012—2021年研究区域的19个县级行政区构建面板数据，运用含非期望产出的超效率SBM模型及Malmquist指数模型对黄河三角洲农业绿色水资源效率的动态变化及驱动因素进行测算与分析。结果 （1）研究期内黄河三角洲农业绿色水资源效率呈现波动上升趋势，年均值为0.535，有较大节水潜力，相较于不含非期望产出的农业水资源效率，农业绿色水资源效率偏低。（2）黄河三角洲19个县区的农业绿色水资源效率均值均未达到完全有效状态，东营地区的农业绿色水资源效率及增长率最高。（3）技术进步是黄河三角洲农业绿色水资源效率提升的主要驱动力，但也受到了技术效率降低的阻碍，技术进步的成果并未得到充分的应用。结论 黄河三角洲各地应加快构建技术转化推广协同机制来破解技术效率应用瓶颈，同时实施分级分区动态治理策略以缩小县域效率差距，并通过制度创新内化非期望产出成本，以此来提升农业绿色水资源效率，进而缓解地区水资源供需矛盾，保障经济社会可持续发展。

Abstract:

Improving the efficiency of agricultural green water resources is an important path to alleviate the contradiction between the supply and demand of water resources in China and promote the green and sustainable development of the economy. This study focused on the High-Efficiency Ecological Economic Zone of the Yellow River Delta as the research area, constructing the panel data from 19 county-level administrative regions between 2012 and 2021. And by employing the Super-Efficiency SBM Model with undesired outputs and the Malmquist Index Model, the research measured and analyzed the dynamic changes and driving factors of agricultural green water resource efficiency in the Yellow River Delta. The results revealed several key findings. (1) During the research period, the efficiency of agricultural green water resources in the Yellow River Delta exhibited a fluctuating upward trend, with an average annual value of 0.535, indicating significant potential for water conservation. However, when compared to agricultural water resource efficiency calculations that exclude undesired outputs, the efficiency of agricultural green water resources remained relatively low. (2) None of the 19 counties and districts in the Yellow River Delta achieved full effectiveness in average agricultural green water resource efficiency. Among them, the Dongying area demonstrated the highest efficiency and growth rate. (3) Technological progress emerged as the primary driver for improving agricultural green water resource efficiency in the region. Nevertheless, this progress was hindered by declining technical efficiency, suggesting that the benefits of technological advancements had not been fully utilized. To address these challenges, the study recommends that regions within the Yellow River Delta accelerate the development of collaborative mechanisms for technology transformation and promotion to overcome bottlenecks in technical efficiency application. Additionally, implementing a dynamic governance strategy that adopts hierarchical and zonal classification could help narrow efficiency disparities among counties. Furthermore, institutional innovation should be leveraged to internalize the costs of undesired outputs, thereby enhancing agricultural green water resource efficiency. These measures would not only alleviate regional water supply-demand conflicts but also ensure sustainable economic and social development.